The INtegrated CAtchment model of phosphorus dynamics (INCA-P): description and demonstration of new model structure and equations

INCA-P is a dynamic, catchment-scale phosphorus model which has been widely applied during the last decade. Since its original release in 2002, the model structure and equations have been significantly altered during several development phases. Here, we provide the first full model description since 2002 and then test the latest version of the model (v1.4.4) in a small rural catchment in northeast Scotland. The particulate phosphorus simulation was much improved compared to previous model versions, whilst the latest sorption equations allowed us to explore the potential time lags between reductions in terrestrial inputs and improvements in surface water quality, an issue of key policy relevance. The model is particularly suitable for use as a research tool, but should only be used to inform policy and land management in data-rich areas, where parameters and processes can be well-constrained. More long-term data is needed to parameterise dynamic models and test their predictions

Distributed Operating Systems

Distributed operating systems have many aspects in common with centralized ones, but they also differ in certain ways. This paper is intended as an introduction to distributed operating systems, and especially to current university research about them. After a discussion of what constitutes a distributed operating system and how it is distinguished from a computer network, various key design issues are discussed. Then several examples of current research projects are examined in some detail, namely, the Cambridge Distributed Computing System, Amoeba, V, and Eden. © 1985, ACM. All rights reserved

Forest Urbanism in the Dispersed Flemish Territory

The increased attention to ecology in the last decades awakened a renewed interest in the relation between the city - in Flanders considered the dispersed Flemish territory as an extensive horizontal metropolis - and landscape. Landscape urbanism has expanded rapidly as a discipline and has been practiced in the dispersed Flemish territory for some time, especially through the notion of water urbanism, explicating the focus on water as a structural element. The relation of this territory to forest remains underexposed which might contribute to the tension between forest and urban, exacerbated in the last decade through public discussions on all sorts of fora, failed policy and a measurable decrease in forest in what is already one of the least forested regions in Europe. Through seven case studies, this dissertation reveals the different exchanges and influences between forest and urban dynamics in Flanders. The cases build up a critical understanding of how they entangle in time and space, and how the revelation of the relation can be turned productive in rethinking the dispersed Flemish territory. In addition, the dissertation applies research-by-design as a methodology to explore possible futures for a more constructive forest-urban interplay, since they both function in similar fashion through three main understandings: forest and urban influence each other in their cyclic interaction; forest and urban are both spaces of mixity and multiplicity; finally, forest and urban both share an ideology that fits in the idiosyncratic view of society.status: publishe

Urban forestry or forest urbanism?

status: publishe