Reducing Automatic Stereotype Activation: European- And African American Photos In Situational Attribution Training

Previous research has shown that training rooted in attribution theory, Situational Attribution Training (SAT), is effective in reducing automatic stereotyping. reduces automatic stereotyping by asking participants to consider the situation when making attributional judgments of negative behaviors stereotypical of African Americans. The focus of the present research is to examine the repeated stereotype-consistent pairings of African American photos with the negative behaviors stereotypical of African Americans, seen during SAT, which may limit the maximum effectiveness of the training. As a methodological modification to the previous version of SAT, white participants were trained extensively to choose situational over dispositional explanations for negative behaviors stereotypical of African Americans paired with photos of both African- and European American men. By teaching participants to consider situational attributions for negative behaviors stereotypical of African Americans, paired with pictures of both African American and European American photos, I expected stronger stereotype reduction effects than has been previously shown. Participants who completed both Traditional (all African American photos), and Diverse (African- and European American photos), demonstrated reduced automatic racial stereotyping on a person categorization task, relative to participants that did not complete any training who exhibited substantial automatic stereotyping. However, the addition of European American photos did not increase the effectiveness of the traditional training paradigm. Implications for stereotype reduction are discussed

A Physics-Aware Dead Reckoning Technique for Entity State Updates in Distributed Interactive Applications

This paper proposes a novel entity state update technique for physics-rich environments in peer-to-peer Distributed Interactive Applications. The proposed technique consists of a dynamic authority scheme for shared objects and a physics-aware dead reckoning model with an adaptive error threshold. The former is employed to place a bound on the overall inconsistency present in shared objects, while the latter is implemented to minimise the instantaneous inconsistency during users’ interactions with shared objects. The performance of the proposed entity state update mechanism is validated using a simulated application

A Physics-Aware Dead Reckoning Technique for Entity State Updates in Distributed Interactive Applications

This paper proposes a novel entity state update technique for physics-rich environments in peer-to-peer Distributed Interactive Applications. The proposed technique consists of a dynamic authority scheme for shared objects and a physics-aware dead reckoning model with an adaptive error threshold. The former is employed to place a bound on the overall inconsistency present in shared objects, while the latter is implemented to minimise the instantaneous inconsistency during users’ interactions with shared objects. The performance of the proposed entity state update mechanism is validated using a simulated application

A Physics-Aware Dead Reckoning Technique for Entity State Updates in Distributed Interactive Applications

This paper proposes a novel entity state update technique for physics-rich environments in peer-to-peer Distributed Interactive Applications. The proposed technique consists of a dynamic authority scheme for shared objects and a physics-aware dead reckoning model with an adaptive error threshold. The former is employed to place a bound on the overall inconsistency present in shared objects, while the latter is implemented to minimise the instantaneous inconsistency during users’ interactions with shared objects. The performance of the proposed entity state update mechanism is validated using a simulated application

A Physics-Aware Dead Reckoning Technique for Entity State Updates in Distributed Interactive Applications

This paper proposes a novel entity state update technique for physics-rich environments in peer-to-peer Distributed Interactive Applications. The proposed technique consists of a dynamic authority scheme for shared objects and a physics-aware dead reckoning model with an adaptive error threshold. The former is employed to place a bound on the overall inconsistency present in shared objects, while the latter is implemented to minimise the instantaneous inconsistency during users’ interactions with shared objects. The performance of the proposed entity state update mechanism is validated using a simulated application

Service Oriented eLearning Platforms: From Monolithic Systems to Flexible Services

The learning management system (LMS) has dominated Internet-based education for the past two decades. However, the traditional LMS is failing to keep pace with advances in Internet technologies and social interactions online. To support technological diversity, current frameworks such as the E-Learning Framework (ELF), the IMS Abstract Framework, and the Open Knowledge Initiative (OKI) have defined the initial steps toward service-oriented e-learning platforms. Nextgeneration platforms will be based on these service-oriented visions. Here, the authors discuss LMS evolution and present core challenges that must be addressed to achieve information interoperability in next-generation e-learning platforms

FEA dual model and experimental characterization to investigate the effect of an FCC microstructure on the macroscale and microscale stresses of a PZT actuated vibrating thin plate†

A numerical finite element analysis (FEA) dual model which combines a macroscale (Ansys) and a microscale (Abaqus) model, was employed to investigate the effect of a face centre cubic (FCC) microstructure on the macroscale and microscale stresses of a piezoelectrically (PZT) actuated Pd/Ni alloy thin plate subjected to high frequency vibration. The method of Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used to characterise the alloy microstructure, identifying the crystal orientations. Ansys multiphysics harmonic analysis was conducted to evaluate the macroscale stresses and strains of the orthotropic Pd/Ni plate subjected to high frequency vibration. It was found that the global maximum stresses and strains occur at the centre of the vibrating plate. Ansys predicted displacement at the centre of the vibrating plate was successfully validated experimentally using a laser doppler vibrometer (LDV) instrument. The crystal orientations identified at the centre of the vibrating plate was incorporated into an Abaqus crystal plasticity analysis within a representative volume element. The biaxial strain obtained from the Macroscale Ansys model was applied to the Microscale representative volume element to reproduce the deformation at the centre of the Pd/Ni plate. Using this material microstructure, the Microscale model investigated the local failure mechanism within the linear elastic regime. It was found that the microscale simulation (Abaqus) predictions of the magnitude of the stresses are consistent with those at the macroscale level (Ansys). The dual FEA model simulation results revealed that high stress or strain occurs at some grain boundaries and within grains with a [101] orientation. These stresses could be sufficiently high to cause failure at the macroscale, in particular for the case of a duplex type of microstructure of the bulk of the material, situated perpendicular to the direction of vibration. The FEA dual model predictions were confirmed experimentally by a continuous seven days fatigue-cycling test conducted on the Pd/Ni vibrating plates.</p

Glycolytic reprogramming fuels myeloid cell-driven hypercoagulability

Background Myeloid cell metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of inflammatory disease, however, its role in inflammation-induced hypercoagulability is poorly understood. Objective/Methods Using novel myeloid cell-based global haemostasis assays and murine models of immunometabolic disease, we evaluated the role of inflammation-associated metabolic reprogramming in regulating blood coagulation. Results Glycolysis was essential for enhanced activated myeloid cell tissue factor expression and decryption, driving increased cell-dependent thrombin generation in response to inflammatory challenge. Similarly, inhibition of glycolysis enhanced activated macrophage fibrinolytic activity via reduced plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1)-activity. Macrophage polarisation or activation markedly increased endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) expression on monocytes and macrophages, leading to increased myeloid cell-dependent protein C activation. Importantly, inflammation-dependent EPCR expression on tissue-resident macrophages was also observed in vivo. Adipose tissue macrophages from obese mice fed a high-fat diet exhibited significantly enhanced EPCR expression and APC generation compared to macrophages isolated from the adipose tissue of healthy mice. Similarly, the induction of colitis in mice prompted infiltration of EPCR+ innate myeloid cells within inflamed colonic tissue that were absent from the intestinal tissue of healthy mice. Conclusion Collectively, this study identifies immunometabolic regulation of myeloid cell hypercoagulability, opening new therapeutic possibilities for targeted mitigation of thrombo-inflammatory disease.</p

Glycolytic reprogramming fuels myeloid cell-driven hypercoagulability

Background Myeloid cell metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of inflammatory disease, however, its role in inflammation-induced hypercoagulability is poorly understood. Objective/Methods Using novel myeloid cell-based global haemostasis assays and murine models of immunometabolic disease, we evaluated the role of inflammation-associated metabolic reprogramming in regulating blood coagulation. Results Glycolysis was essential for enhanced activated myeloid cell tissue factor expression and decryption, driving increased cell-dependent thrombin generation in response to inflammatory challenge. Similarly, inhibition of glycolysis enhanced activated macrophage fibrinolytic activity via reduced plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1)-activity. Macrophage polarisation or activation markedly increased endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) expression on monocytes and macrophages, leading to increased myeloid cell-dependent protein C activation. Importantly, inflammation-dependent EPCR expression on tissue-resident macrophages was also observed in vivo. Adipose tissue macrophages from obese mice fed a high-fat diet exhibited significantly enhanced EPCR expression and APC generation compared to macrophages isolated from the adipose tissue of healthy mice. Similarly, the induction of colitis in mice prompted infiltration of EPCR+ innate myeloid cells within inflamed colonic tissue that were absent from the intestinal tissue of healthy mice. Conclusion Collectively, this study identifies immunometabolic regulation of myeloid cell hypercoagulability, opening new therapeutic possibilities for targeted mitigation of thrombo-inflammatory disease.</p