A ruthenium complex with 1,5-di- phenyl-3-thiocarbazone (dithizone) as monodentate ligands: bis(2,2'- bipyridyl-<i>&#x03BA</i>²N,N')bis(dithizonato-<i>&#x03BA</i>S)- ruthenium(II)

The title compound, [Ru(C13H11N4S)2(C15H8N2)2], has C2 symmetry, with bidentate 2,2'-bipyridyl ligands dictating a cis geometry around the RuII center. The monodentate S-bonded dithizone ligands are almost planar, except for one of the phenyl rings, which is twisted by 34.2 (4)&amp;#x00B0 from the N/N/C(S)/ N/N plane. The RuÐS bond length is 2.4140 (13) &amp;#x00C5, and the RuÐN bond lengths are 2.048 (4) and 2.074 (4) &amp;#x00C5

Gas-phase Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Study of the Molecular Structure of Beryllium Borohydride, Be(BH₄)₂

Gas-phase and solution n.m.r. spectral studies of beryllium borohydride, Be(BH4)2, indicate that it contains magnetically equivalent BH4 groups which undergo rapid internal hydrogen exchange; previously postulated triangular boron-beryllium-boron molecular configurations are inconsistent with the n.m.r. data

Structural Chemistry of Necessarily Distorted Bis(Bipyridine) Complexes. The Crystal Structure of the Trans-[Bis(2,2'-Bipyridine)Bis(Triphenul-Phosphine)Ruthenium(II)] and Trans-[Bis(4,4'-Dimethyl-2,2'-Bipyridine)Bis(Pyridine)Ruthenium(ii)] Cations

The cation trans-[Ru(bpy)2(PPh3)2]2+ and trans-[Ru(Me2bpy2)2(py)2]2+ both contain bipyridine ligands which are distorted because of the crowding of the two chelate units. The hexafluorophosphate salt of the first cation crystallizers in space group P21/n, with a = 11.630(1), b = 20.245(2), c = 11.299(1)Å, &amp;#x03B2 = 103.99(1)°, and Z = 2. R = 0.047 for 2396 observed reflections. The hexafluorophosphate salt of the second cation crystallizers in space group C2/m, with a = 18.392(2), b = 11.265(1), c = 13.383(1)Å, &amp;#x03B2 = 139.42(2)°, and Z = 2. R = 0.047 for 1403 observed reflections. The Ru of the first cation lies on an inversion center and the Ru of the second cation lies on a special position of 2/m symmetry. The distortions of a number of bipyridine complexes with the trans geometry are analyzed and found to fall into two categories, bowed or twisted. The two complexes of this report were found to have a bowed conformation

Preparation and X-ray crystal structure study of a polypyridyl ruthenium(II) complex containing a dehydrodithizone ligand

Coordination of 2,3-diphenyltetrazolium-5-thiolate (tet) to an Ru(trpy)(bpy)(OH2)2+ (trpy=2,2':6',2"-terpyridine; bpy=2,2'-bipyridine) centre resulted in the formation of [Ru(trpy)(bpy)(tet)](ClO4)2. Single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed that the tet ligand is bound through the sulfur atom to a somewhat distorted-octahedral ruthenium centre. The Ru–S bond distance is 2.393(2) Å, and the Ru–S–C bond angle is 115.1(2)°; the tet N-N bonded distances [1.306(10)Å 1.316(9)Å] are essentially equal. These data, as well as spectroscopic and electrochemical evidence, suggest that the tetrazolium ring exhibits delocalized, mesoionic character with some thiolate character on the sulfur atom

Acceleration of Ligand Exchange by Coordinated Nitrate in Polypyridyl Ruthenium Complexes

The rate of substitution of L by a chloride ion or acetonitrile in cis-[Ru(bpy)2 (L)(X)]+ (X = NO3; L = pyridine, acetonitrile ; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) in low polarity solvents, is greatly enhanced over the rates observed for complexes with X = Cl, NO2, CF3CO2 and p-CH3C6H4SO3. For X = NO3, rate constants and a mechanism for formation of the final product, cis-Ru(bpy)2Cl2 or cis-Ru(bpy)2(CH3CN)2]2+, are presented. The rate enhancement for the nitrato complex is attributed to its ability to act as a bidentate ligand

Preparation and X-ray Structure of 2-Tetrahydroborato-2-berylla-<i>nido</i>-hexaborane(11) : Insertion of Beryllium into a Borane Cage

Reaction of beryllium borohydride with 1-chloropentaborane(9) results in insertion of a beryllium atom into the borane cage to give 8-tetrahydroborato-2-berylla-nido-hexaborane(11)

Synthesis, X-Ray Structural Determination and Coordination Chemistry of 4'-Ferrocenyl-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine

4'-Ferrocenyl-2,2' : 6',2"-terpyridine(Fctrpy) has been prepared from ferrocene carboxaldehyde and 2-acetylpyridine. A single crystal X-ray structure analysis indicates typical bond distances and angles with nearly coplanar aromatic rings. The angle between the cyclopentadienyl ring of the ferrocene moiety and the central pyridyl ring of the terpyridine is 19.2° Ruthenium complexes, Ru(Fctrpy)22+ and Ru(trpy) (Fctrpy)2+ (trpy = 2,2' : 6',2"-terpyridine) have been prepared and characterized electrochemically and spectrophotometrically

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Actionable exomic incidental findings in 6503 participants: challenges of variant classification

Recommendations for laboratories to report incidental findings from genomic tests have stimulated interest in such results. In order to investigate the criteria and processes for assigning the pathogenicity of specific variants and to estimate the frequency of such incidental findings in patients of European and African ancestry, we classified potentially actionable pathogenic single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in all 4300 European- and 2203 African-ancestry participants sequenced by the NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project (ESP). We considered 112 gene-disease pairs selected by an expert panel as associated with medically actionable genetic disorders that may be undiagnosed in adults. The resulting classifications were compared to classifications from other clinical and research genetic testing laboratories, as well as with in silico pathogenicity scores. Among European-ancestry participants, 30 of 4300 (0.7%) had a pathogenic SNV and six (0.1%) had a disruptive variant that was expected to be pathogenic, whereas 52 (1.2%) had likely pathogenic SNVs. For African-ancestry participants, six of 2203 (0.3%) had a pathogenic SNV and six (0.3%) had an expected pathogenic disruptive variant, whereas 13 (0.6%) had likely pathogenic SNVs. Genomic Evolutionary Rate Profiling mammalian conservation score and the Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion summary score of conservation, substitution, regulation, and other evidence were compared across pathogenicity assignments and appear to have utility in variant classification. This work provides a refined estimate of the burden of adult onset, medically actionable incidental findings expected from exome sequencing, highlights challenges in variant classification, and demonstrates the need for a better curated variant interpretation knowledge base

Actionable exomic incidental findings in 6503 participants: challenges of variant classification

Recommendations for laboratories to report incidental findings from genomic tests have stimulated interest in such results. In order to investigate the criteria and processes for assigning the pathogenicity of specific variants and to estimate the frequency of such incidental findings in patients of European and African ancestry, we classified potentially actionable pathogenic single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in all 4300 European- and 2203 African-ancestry participants sequenced by the NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project (ESP). We considered 112 gene-disease pairs selected by an expert panel as associated with medically actionable genetic disorders that may be undiagnosed in adults. The resulting classifications were compared to classifications from other clinical and research genetic testing laboratories, as well as with in silico pathogenicity scores. Among European-ancestry participants, 30 of 4300 (0.7%) had a pathogenic SNV and six (0.1%) had a disruptive variant that was expected to be pathogenic, whereas 52 (1.2%) had likely pathogenic SNVs. For African-ancestry participants, six of 2203 (0.3%) had a pathogenic SNV and six (0.3%) had an expected pathogenic disruptive variant, whereas 13 (0.6%) had likely pathogenic SNVs. Genomic Evolutionary Rate Profiling mammalian conservation score and the Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion summary score of conservation, substitution, regulation, and other evidence were compared across pathogenicity assignments and appear to have utility in variant classification. This work provides a refined estimate of the burden of adult onset, medically actionable incidental findings expected from exome sequencing, highlights challenges in variant classification, and demonstrates the need for a better curated variant interpretation knowledge base