23,946 research outputs found
Survey of Federal Legislation Affecting Private Home Financing Since 1932
debtedness on urban real estate in the United States more than trebled; this debt per capita more than doubled; the ratio of this debt of real estate values more than trebled; and the ratio of the annual charges on this debt to the national income more than doubled.1 The burden of the debt was, of course, increased by the decline in income and property values during the depression. By 1932 the number of fore-closures in urban areas, which had risen steadily even during the years of prosperity, had mounted to nearly four times the 1926 level.2 New lending had practically ceased. Such demand for loans as existed arose almost entirely from the necessity of refinancing existing obligations, and lending institutions, pressed for liquidity, were unable to meet even this demand. These developments focused attention on certain basic defects which had long existed in this portion of the credit system. The most important of these defects may be listed as follows:3 (i) the instability of real estate values, resulting from population movements and enhanced by the flow of speculative funds into and out of the real estate market, which has caused lenders to restrict their first mortgage loans to rather low percentages of appraised property values; (2) the unsatisfactory, costly, and frequently illegal system of second and third mortgages, resulting from the fact that many families attempting home ownership have not been able to provide from their own funds the difference between the amount o
OFF-FARM WORK PARTICIPATION, OFF-FARM LABOR SUPPLY AND ON-FARM LABOR DEMAND OF U.S. FARM OPERATORS
The paper presents econometric evidence on off-farm work participation, off-farm hours of work, and on-farm hours of work for U.S. farm operators using a national sample of farmers for the USDA's 1991 Farm Costs and Return Survey.Farm Management, Labor and Human Capital, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods,
Pseudo-noise test set for communication system evaluation
A test set for communications systems is described which includes a pseudo noise sequence generator providing a test signal that is fed to a pair of signal channels. The first channel includes a spectrum shaping filter and a conditioning amplifier. The second channel includes a variable delay circuit, a spectrum shaping filter matched to the first filter, and an amplifier. The output of the first channel was applied to the system under test. The output of the system and the output of the second channel are compared to determine the degree of distortion suffered by the test signal due to the communications system
Method of and means for testing a tape record/playback system
A tape record/playback system was tested by first deriving an analog test signal and a band-limited digital reference signal from a pseudo-noise sequence generator driven by a clock signal. It recorded the signals on respective tracks of the system during operation in a record mode. During the playback mode of operation of the system, a delayed analog reference signal without time base variations was reconstructed from the played back reference signal. It was compared with the played back test signal in order to obtain an error signal that was a measure of the performance of the system
A unified analysis of executive pay: the case of the banking industry
This study examines executive compensation determinants in the U.S. banking industry. Multiple theories of executive pay are discussed and tested using a relatively homogenous sample. We perform an in-depth look at the corporate governance and ownership structure of the companies selected. We explore the simultaneous relationship between compensation, firm performance, and board strength, exploiting variables unique to the banking industry. Our primary finding is that after controlling for both regulatory oversight and external market discipline, a strong board is associated with higher firm performance and lower levels of executive pay, consistent with such a board of directors providing a strong monitoring function.Executives - Salaries
Do the electromagnetic fields generated by mobile-phone base-stations have short-term effects on health? A response to commentaries
Low-energy interaction of composite spin-half systems with scalar and vector fields
We consider a composite spin-half particle moving in spatially-varying scalar
and vector fields. The vector field is assumed to couple to a conserved charge,
but no assumption is made about either the structure of the composite or its
coupling to the scalar field. A general form for the piece of the spin-orbit
interaction of the composite with the scalar and vector fields which is
first-order in momentum transfer and second-order in the fields is
derived.Comment: 10 pages, RevTe
Electromagnetic Scattering from Relativistic Bound States
The quasipotential formalism for elastic scattering from relativistic bound
states is formulated based on the instant constraint in the Breit frame. The
quasipotential electromagnetic current is derived from Mandelstam's five-point
kernel and obeys a two-body Ward identity. Breit-frame wave functions are
obtained directly by solving integral equations with nonzero total
three-momentum, thus accomplishing a dynamical boost. Calculations of
electron-deuteron elastic form factors illustrate the importance of the
dynamical boost versus kinematic boosts of the rest frame wave functions.Comment: RevTeX 3.0 manuscript, 9 pages. UU-file is a single PostScript file
of the manuscript including figures. U. MD PP #93-17
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