The Impact of Servant Leadership on Follower Outcomes: Testing the Mediating Roles of Stewardship Climate and Trust

This research focused on the impact of servant leadership on follower citizenship behaviors (OCBs), both at the individual and organizational levels. The relationship was considered indirect, with trust, perceptions of fairness, and stewardship climate acting as mediators to the relationship between servant leadership and follower citizenship behaviors. The three major contributions are (1) the identification and empirical test of \u27servant\u27 and \u27leader\u27 components of servant leadership, and (2) the theoretical extension of servant leadership through stewardship theory, and (3) the evidence for its importance in explaining the role of stewardship climate in the relationship between servant leadership and follower OCBs. I report the results from two empirical studies that provide support for the model. Study 1 provides a test of the general model of servant leadership and provides initial support to the proposed components of servant leadership and their effects on separate levels of follower OCBs. Study 2 builds upon this model by including the mediating role of stewardship climate on the servant leadership - follower OCB relationship. Results provide initial support for the differing effects of the \u27servant\u27 and \u27leader\u27 components on individual and organizational follower citizenship behaviors, respectively. Furthermore, trust and stewardship climate were found to fully mediate these relationships. Implications for theory, practice, and future research are discussed

Bold Responses to Inhibition in Cannabis Using Adolescents and Emerging Adults

Cannabis use has been associated with increased blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses absent of behavioral deficits during a response inhibition task compared to controls. We investigated whether gender and cannabis use result in differences in BOLD responses and behavioral performance during a Go-NoGo task. Participants included eighty-three 16-26 year olds (MJ=36, Controls=46). An emotion based Go-NoGo task required participants to inhibit their response during a “neutral” face. A whole-brain analysis looked at differences between cannabis group, gender, and their interaction. Significant increased BOLD responses were observed in cannabis users compared to controls in the left frontal cortex, left cingulate cortex, and the left thalamus during correct response inhibitions. There were no significant differences on task performance or group by gender interactions. Supporting previous research, cannabis users showed increased BOLD responses in core areas associated with response inhibition during a Go-NoGo task further elucidating the relationships between cannabis and brain-behavior

Developing a framework to address the challenges faced by small-scale farmers in South Africa.

Food security is a threat globally and small-scale farmers, who include poor and marginalised individuals, struggle to realise profitable yields. The challenges faced by small-scale farmers hinder agricultural development, not only in South Africa but across Africa. There is an ever-intensifying drive to reduce the challenges of small-scale farmers to ensure sustainable food security. The objectives of this research were to define a smallscale farmer in South Africa and apply the definition, to define food security and how small-scale farmers can benefit, to determine how sustainable agricultural practices can benefit small-scale farmers, to explore the challenges of small-scale farmers in South Africa and to construct a conceptual framework to address the challenges. Small-scale farms produce only 5% of the total agricultural output of South Africa, while there are more than 300,000 small-scale farms and a further 2.3 million households engaging in subsistence-oriented agricultural activities. A qualitative research approach was adopted for this study, using a non-random or purposive sampling technique to appropriately select the participants. This was subject to the participants meeting the inclusion criteria which were based on the derived definition of a small-scale farmer. In-depth interviews were conducted to collect data from 30 participants. The data collected were analysed using the thematic content analysis technique. During the interviews, demographic and farm business information was collected to determine the impact on productivity and food security of small-scale farmers. The findings from the study further identified the challenges of small-scale farmers in South Africa, inter alia, access to information, access to capital, access to markets, access to technology, access to land and land security. Based on the findings, a conceptual framework was developed to aid in mitigating the challenges experienced by small-scale farmers. The framework used environmental and marketing strategies to improve the productivity of small-scale farmers. The research report shows that a framework can specify long-term actions to reduce or eliminate the challenges of small-scale farmers in South Africa, which may increase farm productivity, improve food security and enhance the livelihood of small-scale farmers

Making the transition to curriculum integration: a curriculum design in middle level schools

The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate middle level teachers\u27 transitional process as they move from an interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary curricular format to curriculum integration. This study was designed to identify key stakeholders in this transitional process and determine the role each played, and to identify and investigate the key steps and obstacles along the way. The primary participants in this study were identified as teachers in the process of transitioning to a curriculum integration model. They and two other teachers on their five-teacher team, five students, three parents and the school principal were interviewed. Teacher interviews were most extensive, delving into their philosophical beliefs about teaching and learning, as well as details of their practice. Students and parents shared their thoughts and feelings about student involvement in planning curriculum and the school\u27s principal elaborated on the role of leadership in curriculum change. Other qualitative data gathering techniques used in this study included on-site visits and analysis of curriculum-related documents, including curriculum unit guidelines, assessment tools and lists generated in student brainstorming sessions. A cross-case analysis was used to group answers to the same question looking for similar or different responses. Five themes emerged related to the philosophical beliefs and guiding principles of the two primary teachers in this study: a) commitment to trusting student/teacher relationships, student involvement in curriculum planning, and democratic process in the classroom are cornerstones to enacting curriculum integration, b) this curriculum requires teachers to think in an integrative manner, c) integrative thinking and child-centered teaching can be learned, d) to bring about significant curriculum change, leadership is necessary at multiple levels, and e) team configuration can facilitate or complicate curriculum integration. The findings of this study also reveal a number of benefits to curriculum integration, including: the motivational value that results from the ownership students feel when they are involved in curriculum planning, the constructive nature of learning which is enhanced by emphasizing connections across the curriculum, the need for students to become responsible and accountable for their own learning ,and the effectiveness of cooperative learning and peer teaching

Bold Responses to Inhibition in Cannabis Using Adolescents and Emerging Adults

Cannabis use has been associated with increased blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses absent of behavioral deficits during a response inhibition task compared to controls. We investigated whether gender and cannabis use result in differences in BOLD responses and behavioral performance during a Go-NoGo task. Participants included eighty-three 16-26 year olds (MJ=36, Controls=46). An emotion based Go-NoGo task required participants to inhibit their response during a “neutral” face. A whole-brain analysis looked at differences between cannabis group, gender, and their interaction. Significant increased BOLD responses were observed in cannabis users compared to controls in the left frontal cortex, left cingulate cortex, and the left thalamus during correct response inhibitions. There were no significant differences on task performance or group by gender interactions. Supporting previous research, cannabis users showed increased BOLD responses in core areas associated with response inhibition during a Go-NoGo task further elucidating the relationships between cannabis and brain-behavior

The second subject in the sonata-allegro movements of Joseph Haydn\u27s piano sonatas

Joseph Haydn was born in 1732 and died in 1809, a period spanning the lifetimes of the elder Bach and Beethoven. During his seventy-seven years he wrote at least fifty-two keyboard sonatas, eighty-three string quartets, one hundred-eight symphonies, many masses, divertimenti for instrumental ensembles, operas, cantatas, concert!, oratorios, songs, instrumental trios, and almost as many works in other categories. It was only in 1957, after this present project had begun, that a complete catalogue of Haydn\u27s works began to appear in print. At this writing the first of three volumes by Anthony van Hoboken has been published. Considering that Kochel \u27s comparable work on Mozart has been available for ninety-seven years, it is apparent that research about Haydn\u27s work has been impaired by the lack of such a reference. This paper deals with some of the aspects of one of the major contributions ascribed to Haydn—the Sonata allegro form. For reasons to be explained later, the analysis is concentrated on the so-called second or subordinate subject. A thorough survey of the literature was undertaken, and such materials as were pertinent are quoted at the appropriate points in the thesis. To the writer\u27s knowledge, no other work exists which deals explicitly with the problem of the second subject in Haydn\u27s sonata-allegro form. However, he has drawn upon the studies of scholars who have investigated related problems. The sonata-allegro form is worthy of continuing investigation

The range of axial rotation of the glenohumeral joint.

Accepted versio

Making a market for Miscanthus: Can new contract designs solve the biofuel investment hold-up problem?

We present designs for optimal contracts to solve the investment hold-up problem for perennial crops for the biofuel industry. A fixed-price contract is ex-ante efficient but renegotiation-proof for a limited range of discount parameters. A perfectly- indexed contract is both renegotiation-proof and ex-post efficient. Provided long-run land prices are stationary, the expected cost for both contracts converges to the long-run expected price of land for a risk-neutral farmer.Biofuels, Miscanthus, contract theory, industrial organization, renegotiation-proof contract, Marketing,