18,703 research outputs found
Caspofungin Treatment of Aspergillus fumigatus Results in ChsG-Dependent Upregulation of Chitin Synthesis and the Formation of Chitin-Rich Microcolonies
Date of Acceptance: 23/07/2015 We thank Gillian Milne for help with electron microscopy, Sophie M. Schäfer for pilot experiments, and Emilia Mellado for strains. All authors acknowledge financial support of Gilead Sciences through Ph.D. studentships for L.A.W. and K.K.L. We also acknowledge research grants from the Wellcome Trust (080088, 086827, 075470, 099215, and 097377) and the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Oxidative Heck desymmetrisation of 2,2-disubstituted cyclopentene-1,3-diones
Oxidative Heck couplings have been successfully developed for 2,2-disubstituted cyclopentene-1,3-diones. The direct coupling onto the 2,2-disubstituted cyclopentene-1,3-dione core provides a novel expedient way of enantioselectively desymmetrising all-carbon quaternary centres
Empirical relations for cluster RR Lyrae stars revisited
Our former study on the empirical relations between the Fourier parameters of
the light curves of the fundamental mode RR Lyrae stars and their basic stellar
parameters has been extended to considerably larger data sets. The most
significant contribution to the absolute magnitude M_v comes from the period P
and from the first Fourier amplitude A_1, but there are statistically
significant contributions also from additional higher order components, most
importantly from A_3 and in a lesser degree from the Fourier phase phi_51. When
different colors are combined in reddening-free quantities, we obtain basically
period-luminosity-color relations. Due to the log T_eff (B-V, log g, [Fe/H])
relation from stellar atmosphere models, we would expect some dependence also
on phi_31. Unfortunately, the data are still not extensive and accurate enough
to decipher clearly the small effect of this Fourier phase. However, with the
aid of more accurate multicolor data on field variables, we show that this
Fourier phase should be present either in V-I or in B-V or in both. From the
standard deviations of the various regressions, an upper limit can be obtained
on the overall inhomogeneity of the reddening in the individual clusters. This
yields sigma_E(B-V)}< 0.012 mag, which also implies an average minimum
observational error of sigma_V > 0.018 mag.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures, 11 tables, accepted in Astronomy & Astrophysic
Low-Threshold Electrically Pumps Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Microlasers
Vertical-cavity electrically driven lasers with three GaInAs
quantum wells and diameters of several μm exhibit room-temperature pulsed current thresholds as low as 1.3mA with 958 nm output wavelength
Development and Validation of eRADAR: A Tool Using EHR Data to Detect Unrecognized Dementia.
ObjectivesEarly recognition of dementia would allow patients and their families to receive care earlier in the disease process, potentially improving care management and patient outcomes, yet nearly half of patients with dementia are undiagnosed. Our aim was to develop and validate an electronic health record (EHR)-based tool to help detect patients with unrecognized dementia (EHR Risk of Alzheimer's and Dementia Assessment Rule [eRADAR]).DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingKaiser Permanente Washington (KPWA), an integrated healthcare delivery system.ParticipantsA total of 16 665 visits among 4330 participants in the Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) study, who undergo a comprehensive process to detect and diagnose dementia every 2 years and have linked KPWA EHR data, divided into development (70%) and validation (30%) samples.MeasurementsEHR predictors included demographics, medical diagnoses, vital signs, healthcare utilization, and medications within the previous 2 years. Unrecognized dementia was defined as detection in ACT before documentation in the KPWA EHR (ie, lack of dementia or memory loss diagnosis codes or dementia medication fills).ResultsOverall, 1015 ACT visits resulted in a diagnosis of incident dementia, of which 498 (49%) were unrecognized in the KPWA EHR. The final 31-predictor model included markers of dementia-related symptoms (eg, psychosis diagnoses, antidepressant fills), healthcare utilization pattern (eg, emergency department visits), and dementia risk factors (eg, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes). Discrimination was good in the development (C statistic = .78; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .76-.81) and validation (C statistic = .81; 95% CI = .78-.84) samples, and calibration was good based on plots of predicted vs observed risk. If patients with scores in the top 5% were flagged for additional evaluation, we estimate that 1 in 6 would have dementia.ConclusionThe eRADAR tool uses existing EHR data to detect patients with good accuracy who may have unrecognized dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:103-111, 2019
Molecular Line Emission from Gravitationally Unstable Protoplanetary Disks
In the era of high resolution submillimeter interferometers, it will soon be
possible to observe the neutral circumstellar medium directly involved in gas
giant planet (GGP) formation at physical scales previously unattainable. In
order to explore possible signatures of gas giant planet formation via disk
instabilities, we have combined a 3D, non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE)
radiative transfer code with a 3D, finite differences hydrodynamical code to
model molecular emission lines from the vicinity of a 1.4 M_J self-gravitating
proto-GGP. Here, we explore the properties of rotational transitions of the
commonly observed dense gas tracer, HCO+. Our main results are the following:
1. Very high lying HCO+ transitions (e.g. HCO+ J=7-6) can trace dense planet
forming clumps around circumstellar disks. Depending on the molecular
abundance, the proto-GGP may be directly imageable by the Atacama Large
Millimeter Array (ALMA). 2. HCO+ emission lines are heavily self-absorbed
through the proto-GGP's dense molecular core. This signature is nearly
ubiquitous, and only weakly dependent on assumed HCO+ abundances. The
self-absorption features are most pronounced at higher angular resolutions.
Dense clumps that are not self-gravitating only show minor self-absorption
features. 3. Line temperatures are highest through the proto-GGP at all assumed
abundances and inclination angles. Conversely, due to self-absorption in the
line, the velocity-integrated intensity may not be. High angular resolution
interferometers such as the Submillimeter Array (SMA) and ALMA may be able to
differentiate between competing theories of gas giant planet formation.Comment: 10 pages, 13 figures; Accepted by Ap
Multiple Stellar Populations in the Globular Cluster omega Centauri as Tracers of a Merger Event
The discovery of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy, which is being tidally
disrupted by and merging with the Milky Way, supports the view that the halo of
the Galaxy has been built up at least partially by the accretion of similar
dwarf systems. The Sagittarius dwarf contains several distinct populations of
stars, and includes M54 as its nucleus, which is the second most massive
globular cluster associated with the Milky Way. The most massive globular
cluster is omega Centauri, and here we report that omega Centauri also has
several distinct stellar populations, as traced by red-giant-branch stars. The
most metal-rich red-giant-branch stars are about 2 Gyr younger than the
dominant metal-poor component, indicating that omega Centauri was enriched over
this timescale. The presence of more than one epoch of star formation in a
globular cluster is quite surprising, and suggests that omega Centauri was once
part of a more massive system that merged with the Milky Way, as the
Sagittarius dwarf galaxy is in the process of doing now. Mergers probably were
much more frequent in the early history of the Galaxy and omega Centauri
appears to be a relict of this era.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, Latex+nature.sty (included), To appear in
November 4th issue of Natur
Automated verification of shape and size properties via separation logic.
Despite their popularity and importance, pointer-based programs remain a major challenge for program verification. In this paper, we propose an automated verification system that is concise, precise and expressive for ensuring the safety of pointer-based programs. Our approach uses user-definable shape predicates to allow programmers to describe a wide range of data structures with their associated size properties. To support automatic verification, we design a new entailment checking procedure that can handle well-founded inductive predicates using unfold/fold reasoning. We have proven the soundness and termination of our verification system, and have built a prototype system
Microwave Conductivity due to Scattering from Extended Linear Defects in d-Wave Superconductors
Recent microwave conductivity measurements of detwinned, high-purity,
slightly overdoped YBaCuO crystals reveal a linear
temperature dependence and a near-Drude lineshape for temperatures between 1
and 20 K and frequencies ranging from 1 to 75 GHz. Prior theoretical work has
shown that simple models of scattering by point defects (impurities) in d-wave
superconductors are inconsistent with these results. It has therefore been
suggested that scattering by extended defects such as twin boundary remnants,
left over from the detwinning process, may also be important. We calculate the
self-energy and microwave conductivity in the self-consistent Born
approximation (including vertex corrections) for a d-wave superconductor in the
presence of scattering from extended linear defects. We find that in the
experimentally relevant limit (), the
resulting microwave conductivity has a linear temperature dependence and a
near-Drude frequency dependence that agrees well with experiment.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure
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