Ontogeny of the expression of catecholamine synthesising enzymes in the female porcine median eminence arcuate nucleus complex (MEARC)

The ontogeny of the catecholaminergic system of the median eminence (ME) arcuate nucleus (ARC) complex (MEARC) has been studied in various animal species but so far, nothing has been learnt about the development of catecholaminergic structures in the porcine MEARC. To study this problem the hypothalami from animals at different ages (six groups) were collected. Nerve structures immunoreactive (IR) for the substances studied [(tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH) and phenylethanoloamine-N-metylthransferase (PNMT)] were found in the pigs at different age periods. In MEARC, TH-IR structures appeared before the 70th day of foetal life, DβH-IR before the 10th week of postnatal life and PNMT-IR only in sexually mature sows

Adrenergic, nitrergic and peptidergic innervation of the urethral muscle in the boar.

In this study, the innervation of the urethral muscle in adult male pigs was investigated using combined NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry and immunocytochemistry. Nerve fibres supplying the urethral muscle were found to show NADPH-d activity and they also expressed immunoreactivity to catecholamine synthesising enzymes including tyrosine hydoxylase (TH) and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH) as well as to: vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Different subpopulations of the nerve fibres (NADPH-d positive, TH-, DbetaH-, VIP- and NPY-immunoreactive (IR), but also NADPH-d/VIP- and NADPH-d/NPY-IR) were disclosed. These nerve fibres were observed not only to run among muscle fibres of the urethral muscle, but also within extrinsic nerve trunks. Moreover, in the organ studied, numerous ganglia were found. The intramural ganglia, composed of a few to 30 neurons were located in the proximal, middle and distal regions of the pelvic urethra. In the vicinity of the urethral muscle, there were mainly small ganglia containing two to several neurons, but also larger ganglia consisting of up to tens neurons were encountered in the connective tissue surrounding the pelvic urethra. In the ganglia observed in the neighbourhood of the urethral muscle, different subpopulations of nerve cells were found, namely: catecholaminergic, nitrergic, VIP-IR, NPY-IR and also NADPH-d/DbetaH-, NADPH-d/VIP- and NADPH-d/NPY-positive. Possible sources of the innervation for this muscle were also discussed

The influence of inflammation on the expression of neuropeptides in the ileum-projecting primary sensory neurones in the pig

In the present study the ELISA test was used to investigate the influence of chemically-induced ileitis on the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons in the pig. The preliminary retrograde fluorescent tracing study revealed that ileum-projecting sensory neurones (IPN) are located in the thoracic ganglia (Th; Th8-Th13). The ileum wall in experimental (E) pigs was subjected to multiple injection with 4% paraformaldehyde to induce inflammation, while in the control (C) animals the organ was injected with 0.1 M phosphate buffer. Three days later the DRGs (Th8-Th13) collected from all the animals were evaluated for VIP, SP, CGRP, NPY, GAL and SOM content with an ELISA test. It was found that the inflammation increased clearly the tissue level of SP, GAL and SOM

Morphology and immunohistochemical characteristics of the otic ganglion in the chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger Molina)

Introduction. The available literature provides relatively little information on the morphology of the autonomic head ganglia in rodents including their neurochemical codding. Material and methods. Morphological investigations of the otic ganglion of the chinchilla were performed using the modified acetylcholinesterase method. The cellular structure was investigated with histological techniques and neurochemical properties were studied with the double-labelling immunofluorescence method. Results. Macromorphological investigations allowed the otic ganglion to be identified as a compact, oval agglomeration of neurons and nerve fibers. Multidimensional cross-sections revealed densely arranged neuronal perikarya and two populations of nerve cells differing in size were distinguished. The large cells (40–50 µm) accounted for about 80% of the neurons in the cross-sections. Moreover, a small number of intraganglionic nerve fibers was observed. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that over 85% of the neuronal cell bodies in the otic ganglion contained immunoreactivity to VAChT or ChAT. VIP-immunoreactive perikarya comprised approximately 10% of the ganglionic cells. Double staining revealed the presence of VAChT+ and NOS+ neurons which amounted to about 45% of the nerve cells in the otic ganglion. NOS+ only perikarya comprised approx. 15% of all the neurons. Immunoreactivity to enkephalins, substance P, somatostatin, and galanin was expressed in single nerve cell bodies and nerve fibers except numerous substance P+ intraganglionic nerve fibers. Some of them were stained also for CGRP. Single neurons stained for tyroxine hydroxylase. Conclusions. Our results, compared with findings in other rodent species suggest the existence of interspecies differences in the morphology, cellular structure, and immunohistochemical properties of the head autonomic ganglia in mammals

Instytut Łączności wobec wyzwań związanych z wdrażaniem sieci 5G w Polsce, Telekomunikacja i Techniki Informacyjne, 2018, nr 1-2

W artykule zaprezentowano korzyści gospodarcze płynące z wdrożenia nowej generacji sieci mobilnych, tzw. sieci 5G, oraz omówiono wynikające z nich efekty społeczne, w tym spodziewany wpływ na rozwój społeczeństwa informacyjnego. Następnie przedstawiono wyzwania związane z wdrażaniem 5G w Polsce. W głównej mierze wynikają one z obecności barier o charakterze technicznym, ekonomicznym i prawnym, które mogą spowolnić proces wdrażania 5G w Polsce. W artykule przedstawiono również inicjatywy mające na celu identyfikację barier wdrażania sieci 5G oraz potencjalne sposoby ich likwidacji. W tym kontekście przedstawiono działania Instytutu Łączności na rzecz wdrażania 5G w Polsce, w tym poprzez organizację prac w kierowanym przez Ministra Cyfryzacji Porozumieniu na rzecz Strategii „5G dla Polski” oraz uczestnictwo w projekcie 5G@PL realizowanym w ramach strategicznego programu badań naukowych i prac rozwojowych „Społeczny i gospodarczy rozwój Polski w warunkach globalizujących się rynków – Gospostrateg”

Bezpieczeństwo: wymiar współczesny i perspektywy badań

Praca recenzowana / peer-reviewed paperPrezentowane wydawnictwo stanowi efekt obrad międzynarodowej konferencji naukowej zorganizowanej w dniach 12–13 października 2008 roku przez Katedrę Zarządzania Informacją, działającą w ramach Wydziału Ekonomii i Zarządzania, oraz, jak już wspomniano, przez Międzynarodowe Stowarzyszenie „Edukacja dla Obronności i Bezpieczeństwa”. Ambicją organizatorów konferencji było włączenie w tok dyskusji licznych przedstawicieli organów administracji państwa i samorządu, praktyki gospodarczej, nauki, mediów oraz studentów, zarówno z kraju, jak i z zagranicy

External quality monitoring facilitates improvement in already well-performing stroke units: insights from RES-Q Poland

Introduction. The Registry of Stroke Care Quality (RES-Q) is used in Poland for quality monitoring by numerous hospitals participating in the Angels Initiative. Our aim was to assess the degree of improvement in highly stroke-oriented centres that report cases to the RES-Q each year. Material and methods. This retrospective analysis included Polish stroke units that from January 2017 to December 2020 contributed to the RES-Q at least 25 patients annually. Results. Seventeen out of 180 Polish stroke units reported patients each year (2017, n = 1,691; 2018, n = 2,986; 2019, n = 3,750; 2020, n = 3,975). The percentage of ischaemic stroke patients treated with alteplase remained stable (26%, 29%, 30% and 28%, respectively). The door-to-needle time progressively decreased, from a median 49 minutes to 32 minutes. The percentage of patients treated ≤ 60 minutes and ≤ 45 minutes significantly increased (from 68% to 86% and from 43% to 70%, respectively), with no change observed between 2019 and 2020. Despite a general improvement in dysphagia screening (81%, 91%, 98% and 99%), screening performed within the first 24h from admission became less frequent (78%, 76%, 69% and 65%). In-hospital mortality significantly increased (11%, 11%, 13% and 15%), while the proportion of patients discharged home remained stable. Conclusions. Quality-oriented projects facilitate the improvement of stroke care, even in centres demonstrating good baseline performance. Polish stroke units that consistently reported cases to the RES-Q demonstrated improvement in terms of door-to- -needle time and dysphagia screening. However, there is still a need to shorten the time to dysphagia screening, and carefully monitor stroke unit mortality following the COVID-19 pandemic

Mechanical thrombectomy in acute stroke – Five years of experience in Poland

Objectives Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is not reimbursed by the Polish public health system. We present a description of 5 years of experience with MT in acute stroke in Comprehensive Stroke Centers (CSCs) in Poland. Methods and results We retrospectively analyzed the results of a structured questionnaire from 23 out of 25 identified CSCs and 22 data sets that include 61 clinical, radiological and outcome measures. Results Most of the CSCs (74%) were founded at University Hospitals and most (65.2%) work round the clock. In 78.3% of them, the working teams are composed of neurologists and neuro-radiologists. All CSCs perform CT and angio-CT before MT. In total 586 patients were subjected to MT and data from 531 of them were analyzed. Mean time laps from stroke onset to groin puncture was 250±99min. 90.3% of the studied patients had MT within 6h from stroke onset; 59.3% of them were treated with IV rt-PA prior to MT; 15.1% had IA rt-PA during MT and 4.7% – emergent stenting of a large vessel. M1 of MCA was occluded in 47.8% of cases. The Solitaire device was used in 53% of cases. Successful recanalization (TICI2b–TICI3) was achieved in 64.6% of cases and 53.4% of patients did not experience hemorrhagic transformation. Clinical improvement on discharge was noticed in 53.7% of cases, futile recanalization – in 30.7%, mRS of 0–2 – in 31.4% and mRS of 6 in 22% of cases. Conclusion Our results can help harmonize standards for MT in Poland according to international guidelines

Protective Role of Galanin during Chemically Induced Inflammation in Zebrafish Larvae

During a pathological condition, many different systems are involved in the response of an affected organism. Galanin is considered to be a neuropeptide that plays an important role in the central nervous system; however, it is involved in many other biological processes, including the immune response. During our studies, we showed that galanin became upregulated in zebrafish larvae when exposed to copper sulfate. Moreover, the presence of normal levels of galanin, administration of a galanin analog NAX 5055 or galanin overexpression led to lowered lateral line damage and enhanced expression of inflammatory markers compared to the knockout larvae. The results showed that the neuroendocrine system acts multifunctionally and should be considered as a part of the complex neuro–immune–endocrine axis