ポリプロピレンフィルム中の添加剤のブリード機構に関する研究

取得学位：博士(工学)，学位授与番号：博甲第1093号，学位授与年月日：平成21年3月23

Decreased sensory nerve excitation and bone pain associated with mouse Lewis lung cancer in TRPV1-deficient mice

Bone pain is one of the most common and life-limiting complications of cancer metastasis to bone. Although the mechanism of bone pain still remains poorly understood, bone pain is evoked as a consequence of sensitization and excitation of sensory nerves (SNs) innervating bone by noxious stimuli produced in the microenvironment of bone metastases. We showed that bone is innervated by calcitonin gene-related protein (CGRP)+ SNs extending from dorsal root ganglia (DRG), the cell body of SNs, in mice. Mice intratibially injected with Lewis lung cancer (LLC) cells showed progressive bone pain evaluated by mechanical allodynia and flinching with increased CGRP+ SNs in bone and augmented SN excitation in DRG as indicated by elevated numbers of pERK- and pCREB-immunoreactive neurons. Immunohistochemical examination of LLC-injected bone revealed that the tumor microenvironment is acidic. Bafilomycin A1, a selective inhibitor of H+ secretion from vacuolar proton pump, significantly alleviated bone pain, indicating that the acidic microenvironment contributes to bone pain. We then determined whether the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a major acid-sensing nociceptor predominantly expressed on SNs, plays a role in bone pain by intratibially injecting LLC cells in TRPV1-deficient mice. Bone pain and SN excitation in the DRG and spinal dorsal horn were significantly decreased in TRPV1 −/− mice compared with wild-type mice. Our results suggest that TRPV1 activation on SNs innervating bone by the acidic cancer microenvironment in bone contributes to SN activation and bone pain. Targeting acid-activated TRPV1 is a potential therapeutic approach to cancer-induced bone pain

Localization and Quantum Hall Effect in Two-Dimensional Systems Under Strong Magnetic Fields(Transport and Fermiology)

Experimental researches of quantum transport properties of semiconductor two-dimensional electron systems in Si-MOSFETs and GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures in high magnetic fields up to 27 T and at low temperatures down to 20 mK are performed. Analysis of the Hall conductivity of Si-MOSFETs based on a mobility edge model shows that the temperature dependence of the mobility edge can not be explained by existing theory of localization. The fractional quantum Hall effect is observed at the filling factor of 1/7 in heterostructures. Sample size dependence and magnetic field dependence of the breakdown of the integral quantum Hall effect in heterostructures reveal that the Hall current is carried not by the edge states but by the extended states in the localization in the bulk of the two-dimensional systems

Low-dose 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine diagnostic scan is inferior to 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine posttreatment scan in detection of malignant pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the lesion detectability of low-dose diagnostic 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) whole-body scans obtained at 6 and 24 h compared with posttreatment 131I-MIBG whole-body scans in malignant pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. METHODS: Scintigrams obtained in 15 patients with malignant pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma were retrospectively analyzed. Diagnostic scans were performed with 111 MBq of 123I-MIBG. Therapeutic doses of 131I-MIBG (5.55-7.40 GBq) were administrated and whole-body scans were obtained at 2-5 days after 123I-MIBG administrations. We compared the number of lesions and the lesion-to-referent count ratios at 6 and 24 h of 123I-MIBG and at 2-5 days of 131I-MIBG. RESULTS: In comparison with the 6-h images of 123I-MIBG, the 24-h images of 123I-MIBG could detect more lesions in eight patients. Posttreatment 131I-MIBG scans revealed new lesions in eight patients compared with the 24-h images of 123I- MIBG. The lesion-to-referent count ratios at 6 and 24 h of 131I-MIBG and at 3 days of 131I-MIBG were increasing at later scanning time. There were significant differences in the lesion-to-referent count ratios between 6 and 24 h of 123I-MIBG (P=0.031), 6 h of 131I-MIBG and 3 days of 123I-MIBG (P=0.020), and 24 h of 123I-MIBG and 3 days of 131I-MIBG (P=0.018). CONCLUSION: Low-dose diagnostic 123I-MIBG whole-body scan is inferior to posttreatment 131I-MIBG whole-body scan in malignant pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Considering the scan timing of 123I-MIBG, 6-h images might have no superiority compared with 24-h images. © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams &Wilkins

Functional Overload Enhances Satellite Cell Properties in Skeletal Muscle

Skeletal muscle represents a plentiful and accessible source of adult stem cells. Skeletal-muscle-derived stem cells, termed satellite cells, play essential roles in postnatal growth, maintenance, repair, and regeneration of skeletal muscle. Although it is well known that the number of satellite cells increases following physical exercise, functional alterations in satellite cells such as proliferative capacity and differentiation efficiency following exercise and their molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we found that functional overload, which is widely used to model resistance exercise, causes skeletal muscle hypertrophy and converts satellite cells from quiescent state to activated state. Our analysis showed that functional overload induces the expression of MyoD in satellite cells and enhances the proliferative capacity and differentiation potential of these cells. The changes in satellite cell properties coincided with the inactivation of Notch signaling and the activation of Wnt signaling and likely involve modulation by transcription factors of the Sox family. These results indicate the effects of resistance exercise on the regulation of satellite cells and provide insight into the molecular mechanism of satellite cell activation following physical exercise

New bleeding model of additives in a polypropylene film under atmospheric pressure

Many additives are commercially used to add more favorable qualities to films. The bleeding process by which the additive in a film comes to the surface is considered. A new bleeding model of additives in a polypropylene film under atmospheric pressure was investigated. Solubility and diffusion are found to be important for explaining this bleeding process. The solubilities and diffusion coefficients of higher fatty acid amides such as erucamide (13-cis-docosenamide) and behenamide (docosanamide) were determined between 40 and 70°C and the difference between the solubilities and the diffusion coefficients was discussed. The experimental results are explained more precisely by assuming two transport processes between the crystalline regions and the amorphous ones. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

New bleeding model of additives in a polypropylene film under atmospheric pressure II

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科出光興産㈱　先進技術研究所　解析技術センター 第二解析技術室Many additives are commercially used to add more favorable qualities to films. The bleeding process by which the additive in a film comes to the surface is considered. A new bleeding model of additives in a polypropylene film under atmospheric pressure was investigated. Solubility and diffusion are found to be important for explaining this bleeding process. It was found that the experimental results were explained more precisely by assuming a twostep transport process between the crystalline regions and the amorphous ones. The solubilities and diffusion coefficients of UV-stabilizers such as 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4(l,l,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol and 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2yl)-4-methylphenol were determined at 4O°C. The difference between the saturation solubilities and the diffusion coefficients of UV-stabilizers was discussed by comparing with the results of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

The Pavlik harness in the treatment of developmentally dislocated hips: results of Japanese multicenter studies in 1994 and 2008

AbstractBackgroundIt has already been more than 50years since the Pavlik harness was introduced in Japan, and today the Pavlik harness is widely recognized as the standard initial treatment modality for developmental dysplasia of the hip. We performed a multicenter nationwide questionnaire study concerning the results of Pavlik harness treatment twice in 1994 and 2008.MethodsIn 1994 and in 2008, we sent questionnaires to 12 institutes in Japan specializing mainly in pediatric orthopedics. We compare the results of these two studies and discuss differences in reduction rates, incidence of avascular necrosis in the femoral epiphysis and the percentage of joints with acceptable morphology (Severin grade I+II/total) at skeletal maturity. We statistically assessed these results to see whether there were changes in the treatment outcomes over this 14-year period.ResultsReduction of the dislocated hips was obtained by the Pavlik harness in 80.2% (1990/2481 hips; 1994) and 81.9% (1248/1523 hips; 2008). The incidences of avascular necrosis of the proximal femoral epiphysis in the dysplastic hips were 14.3% (119/835 hips; 1994) and 11.5% (76/663 hips; 2008). The type of avascular necrosis in hips from the 2008 study was determined according to the classification of Kalamchi and MacEwen: 24/69 hips (34.8%) were classified as group I; 20/69 hips (29.0%) as group II; 11/69 hips (15.9%) as group Ill; 14/69 hips (20.3%) as group IV. The percentages of hips with acceptable outcomes at skeletal maturity discerned from Severin X-ray changes (grade I+II/total) were 72.3% (604/835 hips; 1994) and 77.7% (488/628 hips; 2008).ConclusionReduction rates and the incidence of avascular necrosis in 2008 were statistically similar to the results in 1994. The rate of acceptable outcome (Severin grade I+II/total) in 2008 was statistically higher than that of 1994