82 research outputs found
Age Related Changes in Cerebrovascular Reactivity and Its Relationship to Global Brain Structure
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was funded by Alzheimerβs Research UK (ARUK) and the Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen. GDW, ADM and CS are part of the SINASPE collaboration (Scottish Imaging Network - A Platform for Scientific Excellence www.SINAPSE.ac.uk). The authors thank Gordon Buchan, Baljit Jagpal, Nichola Crouch, Beverly Maclennan and Katrina Klaasen for their help with running the experiment and Dawn Younie and Teresa Morris for their help with recruitment and scheduling. We also thank the residents of Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire, and further afield, for their generous participation.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Perceiving and expressing feelings through actions in relation to individual differences in empathic traits : the Action and Feelings Questionnaire (AFQ)
Peer reviewedPublisher PD
The cerebellum plays more than one role in the dysregulation of appetite : Review of structural evidence from typical and eating disorder populations
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to the Northwood Charitable Trust for funding my PhD studentship. Grant Number: RG15207Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Sex differences in the association of photoperiod with hippocampal subfield volumes in older adults : A crosssectional study in the UK Biobank cohort
Β© 2020 The Authors. Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Inter-individual Differences in fMRI Entropy Measurements in Old Age
The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI linkWe investigated the association between individual
differences in cognitive performance in old age and the approximate
entropy (ApEn) measured from functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI) data acquired from 40 participants of the
Aberdeen Birth Cohort 1936 (ABC1936), while undergoing a visual
information processing task: inspection time (IT). Participants
took a version of the Moray House Test (MHT) No. 12 at age 11,
a valid measure of childhood intelligence. The same individuals
completed a test of non-verbal reasoning (Ravenβs Standard Progressive
Matrices [RPM]) aged about 68 years. The IT, MHT and
RPM scores were used as indicators of cognitive performance. Our
results show that higher regional signal entropy is associated with
better cognitive performance. This finding was independent of ability
in childhood but not independent of current cognitive ability.
ApEn is used for the first time to identify a potential source of
individual differences in cognitive ability using fMRI data
Klotho gene polymorphism, brain structure and cognition in early-life development
Variation in the klotho gene is linked to differences in health outcomes: klotho allele KL-VS heterozygosity is associated with longevity, better cognition and greater right frontal grey matter volume in late life. Contradicting reports, however, suggest that KL-VSβs effect on health might be age-dependent. Here we examine the relationship between KL-VS genotype, cognition and brain structure in childhood and adolescence. We hypothesized that KL-VS has early influences on cognitive and brain development. We investigated the associations of KL-VS carrier status with cognition and brain morphology in a cohort of 1387 children and adolescents aged 3β21Β years, examining main effects and interactions between age, sex and socioeconomic circumstance. KL-VS had no main effect on either cognition or brain structure, though there was a significant KL-VS Γ age interaction for cognition (specifically executive function, attention, episodic memory, and general cognition), total grey matter and total brain volume. KL-VS heterozygotes had better cognition than non-carriers before age 11, but lower cognition after age 11. Heterozygotes had smaller brains than non-carriers did in early childhood. Sex moderated the association between KL-VS and white matter volume. Among girls, KL-VS heterozygotes had smaller white matter volumes than non-carriers. Among boys, heterozygotes had greater white matter volumes than non-carriers. However, a replication in a cohort of 2306 children aged 6β12Β years showed no significant associations. In contrast to findings in late life, these results show that KL-VS does not have a main effect on cognition and brain structure. Furthermore, KL-VSβs influence may depend on age and sex
Puddles, Parties, and Professors: Linking Word Categorization to Neural Patterns of Visuospatial Coding
Nonlinear complexity analysis of brain fMRI signals in schizophrenia
Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Developmental malformation of the corpus callosum: a review of typical callosal development and examples of developmental disorders with callosal involvement
This review provides an overview of the involvement of the corpus callosum (CC) in a variety of developmental disorders that are currently defined exclusively by genetics, developmental insult, and/or behavior. I begin with a general review of CC development, connectivity, and function, followed by discussion of the research methods typically utilized to study the callosum. The bulk of the review concentrates on specific developmental disorders, beginning with agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC)βthe only condition diagnosed exclusively by callosal anatomy. This is followed by a review of several genetic disorders that commonly result in social impairments and/or psychopathology similar to AgCC (neurofibromatosis-1, Turner syndrome, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, Williams yndrome, and fragile X) and two forms of prenatal injury (premature birth, fetal alcohol syndrome) known to impact callosal development. Finally, I examine callosal involvement in several common developmental disorders defined exclusively by behavioral patterns (developmental language delay, dyslexia, attention-deficit hyperactive disorder, autism spectrum disorders, and Tourette syndrome)
General intelligence is associated with working memory-related brain activity: new evidence from a large sample study
Psychometric intelligence is closely related to working memory capacity. Here we aim to determine the associations of neural activation patterns during the N-back working memory paradigm with psychometric intelligence and working memory performance. We solved the statistical problems of previous studies using (1) a large cohort of 1235 young adults and (2) robust voxel-by-voxel permutation-based statistics at the whole-brain level. Many of the significant correlations were we ak, and our findings were not consistent with those of previous studies. We observed that many of the significant correlations involved brain areas in the periphery or boundaries between the task-positive network (TPN) and task-negative network (TNN), suggesting that the expansion of the TPN or TNN is associated with greater cognitive ability. Lower activity in TPN and less task-induced deactivation (TID) in TNN were associated with greater cognitive ability. These findings indicate that subjects with greater cognitive ability have a lower brain response to task demand, consistent with the notion that TID in TNN reflects cognitive demand but partly inconsistent with the prevailing neural efficiency theory. One exception was the pre-supplementary motor area, which plays a key role in cognitive control and sequential processing. In this area, intelligent subjects demonstrated greater activity related to working memory, suggesting that the pre-supplementary motor area plays a unique role in the execution of working memory tasks in intelligent subjects
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