Pemberian Hidrolisat Protein Kacang Polong Terhadap Kadar Superoksida Dismutase dan Perbaikan Kerusakan Ginjal Tikus Laboratorium

Antioksidan merupakan substansi yang dapat mencegah kerusakan sel akibat stres oksidatif. Hidrolisat protein dari kacang polong hijau (Pisum sativum) dengan bromelain (HPPHB) diharapkan meningkatkan kadar antioksidan superoxide dismutase (SOD) dan mampu mencegah kerusakan ginjal. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh HPPHB terhadap kadar SOD, kadar kreatinin plasma dan histopatologis ginjal tikus yang diinduksi Cisplatin. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahap, pemberian HPPHB dosis 100, 200 dan 400 mg/kgBB/h selama 28 hari terhadap kadar SOD tikus jantan dan betina Sprague Dawley (SD) tanpa induksi dan tikus yang diinduksi Cisplatin dengan parameter kadar kreatinin plasma dan histopatologis ginjal dengan pewarnaan Hematoksilin Eosin (HE). Hasil menunjukkan kadar SOD kelompok tikus kontrol berbeda bermakna dan sangat bermakna dengan kelompok perlakuan. Hasil pemeriksaan kreatinin plasma menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang sangat bermakna (p<0,01) antara kontrol positip dengan kelompok dosis 400 mg/kgBB. Hasil analisis mikroskopis histopatologis parameter nekrosis: kelompok perlakuan dosis 200 menunjukkan paling sedikit nekrosis di antara ke tiga dosis,  berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol positip, maupun kontrol negatip (p<0,05). Parameter densitas sel mesangium, semua kelompok dosis perlakuan tidak berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol negatip maupun kontrol positip. Simpulan, HPPHB meningkatkan kadar SOD dan menunjukkan efek perbaikan kadar kreatinin plasma dan nekrosis sel tubulus ginjal tikus SD yang diinduksi Cisplatin.Antioksidan merupakan substansi yang dapat mencegah kerusakan sel akibat stres oksidatif. Hidrolisat protein dari kacang polong hijau (Pisum sativum) dengan bromelain (HPPHB) diharapkan meningkatkan kadar antioksidan superoxide dismutase (SOD) dan mampu mencegah kerusakan ginjal. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh HPPHB terhadap kadar SOD, kadar kreatinin plasma dan histopatologis ginjal tikus yang diinduksi Cisplatin. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahap, pemberian HPPHB dosis 100, 200 dan 400 mg/kgBB/h selama 28 hari terhadap kadar SOD tikus jantan dan betina Sprague Dawley (SD) tanpa induksi dan tikus yang diinduksi Cisplatin dengan parameter kadar kreatinin plasma dan histopatologis ginjal dengan pewarnaan Hematoksilin Eosin (HE). Hasil menunjukkan kadar SOD kelompok tikus kontrol berbeda bermakna dan sangat bermakna dengan kelompok perlakuan. Hasil pemeriksaan kreatinin plasma menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang sangat bermakna (p<0,01) antara kontrol positip dengan kelompok dosis 400 mg/kgBB. Hasil analisis mikroskopis histopatologis parameter nekrosis: kelompok perlakuan dosis 200 menunjukkan paling sedikit nekrosis di antara ke tiga dosis,  berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol positip, maupun kontrol negatip (p<0,05). Parameter densitas sel mesangium, semua kelompok dosis perlakuan tidak berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol negatip maupun kontrol positip. Simpulan, HPPHB meningkatkan kadar SOD dan menunjukkan efek perbaikan kadar kreatinin plasma dan nekrosis sel tubulus ginjal tikus SD yang diinduksi Cisplatin

Antioxidant Activity of Phyllanthus Niruri Extract, Rutin and Quercetin

BACKGROUND: Normal metabolism of oxygen and exogenous factors constantly generate free radicals which could be harmful to the human body. Human need antioxidants to provide protection against free radicals, thus plants are a good source of natural antioxidants. Phyllanthus niruri (P. niruri) has been known to possess several medicinal properties and contain numerous active phytochemical. In this research, we conducted phytochemical screening and antioxidant assay of P. niruri extract along with the compounds rutin and quercetin, which are flavonoids possessing medicinal properties. This study was conducted to determine P. niruri, rutin and quercetin as antioxidant.METHODS: In this study, qualitative phytochemical screening was performed to detect phenol, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, steroid/triterpenoid, terpenoid and alkaloid in P. niruri extract. Antioxidant analysis of P. niruri, rutin and quercetin was conducted using total measured phenolic content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH), 2,2\u27-azinobis-3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays.RESULTS: The study revealed that P. niruri extract contained saponin, phenol, flavonoid and tannin based on phytochemical screening. In DPPH and ABTS assays quercetin possessed highest antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 0.55 and 1.17 μg/ml respectively. Meanwhile, P. niruri extract showed the highest FRAP activity which was 373.95 μM Fe(II)/μg extract. Rutin possessed the lowest antioxidant activity in all antioxidant assays.CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that P. niruri extract and quercetin have great potential as a natural antioxidant source

Suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators production by ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) ethanolic extract and gingerol in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells

260-266Chronic inflammation could lead to several life-threatening diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) has been used for many years to treat various diseases and health problems, including inflammation. This study was conducted to assess ginger ethanolic extract (GEE) and its compound gingerol’s potential as an anti-inflammatory agent by evaluating the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and NO in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. The safe concentration of GEE and gingerol for the RAW 264.7 cells were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay. The quantification of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, was conducted based on the ELISA method, while the quantification of NO was conducted by the nitrate/nitrite colourimetric method. The results showed that GEE and gingerol were able to inhibit TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and NO production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. GEE has better anti-inflammatory activity than gingerol. GEE in the concentration of 50 µg/mL has the highest inhibition activity over positive control or inflammatory cells model. GEE exhibited good anti-inflammatory properties through reduction of pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2 and NO. Thus, ginger ethanolic extract has a high potential in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases

Suppression of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Mediators Production by Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Ethanolic Extract and Gingerol in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Murine Macrophage Cells

Chronic inflammation could lead to several life-threatening diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has been used for many years to treat various diseases and health problems, including inflammation. This study was conducted to assess ginger ethanolic extract (GEE) and its compound gingerol potential as anti-inflammatory agent by evaluating the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and NO in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. The safe concentration of GEE and gingerol for the RAW 264.7 cells were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay. The quantification of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and NO was conducted based on ELISA method. GEE and gingerol were able to inhibit TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and NO production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. GEE has better anti-inflammatory activity than gingerol, with GEE in concentration of 50 µg/ml has the highest inhibition activity over positive control. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) ethanolic extract exhibited good anti-inflammatory properties through reduction of pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2 and NO. Thus, it has high potential in the treatment of inflammatory-related diseases

Ekstrak Kedelai Detam 1, Daun Jati Belanda Serta Kombinasinya Terhadap Berat Badan Dan Histopatologis Hepar Tikus Wistar

Latar Belakang Biji kedelai Detam 1 dan daun jati Belanda berefek menghambat kenaikan berat badan, akan tetapi dikhawatirkan mempengaruhi organ hepar. Tujuan penelitian Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak etanol biji kedelai Detam 1 (EEKD), ekstrak etanol daun jati Belanda (EEJB) dan kombinasinya terhadap penghambatan kenaikan berat badan dan gambaran histopatologis hepar pada tikus Wistar yang diberi pakan tinggi lemak (PTL). Metode penelitian Penelitian merupakan eksperimental laboratorium dengan rancangan acak lengkap bersifat komparatif. Sebanyak 40 ekor tikus Wistar jantan dibagi secara acak menjadi 8 kelompok perlakuan, masing masing terdiri dari 5 ekor. Selanjutnya diberi perlakuan selama 28 hari, semua kelompok kecuali kelompok kontrol negatif (KN), tetap diberi PTL. Pada hari ke-29, seluruh tikus dikorbankan dan semua hepar tikus, kecuali kelompok Orlistat (K6), dibuat sediaan histopatologis dengan pewarnaan Haematoxylin Eosin (HE). Hasil Penghambatan kenaikan berat badan terjadi pada semua kelompok perlakuan, kelompok K3 (EEKD 10 mg : EEJB 20 mg) menunjukkan penghambatan kenaikan berat badan yang paling baik dan potensinya setara dengan kontrol positip (KP) atau Orlistat. Pada semua kelompok perlakuan (K1, K2, K3, K4 dan K5) terjadi Perubahan struktur arsitektur dan inflamasi di daerah portal namun tidak menyebabkan bengkak keruh dan degenerasi lemak. Kesimpulan: Pemberian kombinasi EEKD 10 mg : EEJB 20 mg menunjukkan penghambatan kenaikan berat badan yang paling baik. EEJB sediaan tunggal menyebabkan Perubahan gambaran histopatologis hepar paling buruk pada tikus Wistar jantan yang diinduksi pakan tinggi lemak

EKSTRAK KEDELAI DETAM 1, DAUN JATI BELANDA SERTA KOMBINASINYA TERHADAP BERAT BADAN DAN HISTOPATOLOGIS HEPAR TIKUS WISTAR

Latar Belakang Biji kedelai Detam 1 dan daun jati Belanda berefek menghambat kenaikan berat badan, akan tetapi dikhawatirkan mempengaruhi organ hepar. Tujuan penelitian Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak etanol biji kedelai Detam 1 (EEKD), ekstrak etanol daun jati Belanda (EEJB) dan kombinasinya terhadap penghambatan kenaikan berat badan dan gambaran histopatologis hepar pada tikus Wistar yang diberi pakan tinggi lemak (PTL). Metode penelitian Penelitian merupakan eksperimental laboratorium dengan rancangan acak lengkap bersifat komparatif. Sebanyak 40 ekor tikus Wistar jantan dibagi secara acak menjadi 8 kelompok perlakuan, masing masing terdiri dari 5 ekor. Selanjutnya diberi perlakuan selama 28 hari, semua kelompok kecuali kelompok kontrol negatif (KN), tetap diberi PTL. Pada hari ke-29, seluruh tikus dikorbankan dan semua hepar tikus, kecuali kelompok Orlistat (K6), dibuat sediaan histopatologis dengan pewarnaan Haematoxylin Eosin (HE). Hasil Penghambatan kenaikan berat badan terjadi pada semua kelompok perlakuan, kelompok K3 (EEKD 10 mg : EEJB 20 mg) menunjukkan penghambatan kenaikan berat badan yang paling baik dan potensinya setara dengan kontrol positip (KP) atau Orlistat. Pada semua kelompok perlakuan (K1, K2, K3, K4 dan K5) terjadi perubahan struktur arsitektur dan inflamasi di daerah portal namun tidak menyebabkan bengkak keruh dan degenerasi lemak. Kesimpulan: Pemberian kombinasi EEKD 10 mg : EEJB 20 mg menunjukkan penghambatan kenaikan berat badan yang paling baik. EEJB sediaan tunggal menyebabkan perubahan gambaran histopatologis hepar paling buruk pada tikus Wistar jantan yang diinduksi pakan tinggi lemak. Kata kunci : kedelai Detam 1, jati Belanda, berat badan, histopatologis hepar, Tikus Wista

DMBA-induced Modulate Estrogen Receptors α and β Breast Cancer’s Animal Model

The high incidence of breast cancer cases in the world requires the use of applicative methods. The 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced breast cancer animal model is a widely used chemical-induced animal models for research on breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanism related to DMBA induction remains unclear. Good understanding on DMBA-induced animal models is crucial for studies related to future breast cancer treatments as animal models will provide a deeper understanding of anticancer medication, specifically those aimed for treating breast cancer. The aim of this study was to develop an DMBA-induced animal model for breast cancer. This study used female Wistar rats injected subcutaneously with DMBA as a carcinogen-induced agent (20 mg/kg) to induce tumor. Rat tumors were then evaluated and breast appearance was observed weekly, starting from day 28th after DMBA injection. Breast cancer tissue was then sampled and stored at -80°C until it was used for western blot and histological study. This study indicated that DMBA induced cancer in female Wistar rat’s breasts, and cytoplastic cells and lung metastatic was identified macroscopically and histopathologically. The metabolic sign was observed in the lung and breast sections. Interestingly, the DMBA induction in this study does not only induce organ cancers but also induces estrogen receptors and stimulates signaling of estrogen receptors α (ERα), ERβ, and Akt

Butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) extract displayed antidiabetic effect through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, lower hepatic GSK-3β, and pancreatic glycogen on Diabetes Mellitus and dyslipidemia rat

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is hyperglycemic or elevated blood glucose level and deficiency of insulin level. DM treatment using synthetic drugs has several complexities, side effects. Reducing the side effects of synthetic drugs, the utilization of herbal medicines is increasingly in demand. Butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) extract (CTE) has pharmacological activities such as hepatoprotective, diuretic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Objective: This research was conducted to evaluate antidiabetic potent of CTE in DM and dyslipidemia rats model. Methods: LC-MS/MS was used to analyze the CTE compounds. Rats were given high fat diet for 28 days followed by nicotinamide and streptozotocin for inducing DM rats model. DM and dyslipidemia rats model were given CTE at 200, 400, 800 mg/kg of BW, glibenclamide, and simvastatin for 28 days. The glucose and insulin levels on day 28 were measured after treatment of CTE. The CAT, SOD, MDA, IL-18 and protein of pancreas were measured. The glycogen gene expression in pancreas was measured using q-RTPCR method. The GSK-3β expression of liver, IL-6 expression of pancreas were analyzed using IHC method. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and then continued to be analyzed using Tukey’s HSD post-hoc test. Results: CTE increased level of pancreatic CAT, SOD and protein, reduced pancreatic MDA, IL-18 levels, glycogen gene expression of pancreas, GSK-3β protein expression of liver, and IL-6 protein expression of pancreas in DM and dyslipidemia rats. CTE improved liver histopathology, reduced serum glucose, and enhanced insulin levels. Conclusion: CTE has the potency for DM treatment, through antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory in DM and dyslipidemia rats