A Study of Cost comparison of precast concrete vs. Cast-in-Place

The Indian construction system is going to become a modernized, cost efficient and achieving advance technique. The paper based on cost comparison of precast concrete vs. cast-in-place (i.e. traditional) concrete. How total cost of construction by precast concrete system is less than the cost by use of cast-in-place concrete. Cost of any construction is directly varied with time of construction. As we know the Precast is manufactured in factory (i.e. in controlled environment) with required quality, can easily mix, cure with good quantity. Precast concrete is manufactured in factory and transport to site. The strength of precast concrete is achieved in greater extent by using high technology, controlled system. For precast construction less manpower is required, labors are required only to joint precast members. That means indirectly saving cost on labors. In precast concrete construction wastage of materials is negligible as compared with cast-in-place concrete. There is no need of curing on site after erection of members because members are cured in factory for desired days. There for the time (in days) is saving in construction which will reduces the cost of construction. Precast construction increase the quality of work, save time, reduced the cost of construction required for maintenance of work. The cost on shuttering and deshuttering is eliminated by using precast will result into saving total cost of construction. The cost of rework due to improper work, faulty construction method, unskilled labor, material quality, onsite environmental problem can be eliminated by using precast members

Enhancement of Productivity and Minimization of Waste using Lean Construction Techniques

The Lean construction is aimed at improving construction performance by eliminating wastes that do not add value to the customer. In this technique waste is minimized and productivity is enhanced. In this case study researchers tried to study the effects of lean construction on waste minimization and on overall project completion. With the help from project manager data was collected with reference to performance and application of lean techniques, the study focuses on one project near Pune city in Maharashtra, in this project problems were identified and solutions are provided for further improvements. The study also focuses on identifying various barriers towards implementation of lean techniques in constructions. The study is based upon primary data collected after implementation of lean construction techniques in one of the projects in Pune. The Last planner concept was also used for observing the productivity improvements over time

Measures for Cost Escalation in Bridge

The study throws light on various existing and traditional methods that are being used in computation of Cost Escalation in the construction sector. The thesis reviews the existing methods for calculation of escalation in India and premeditates the techniques adopted by the other nations across the globe. The existing method in India uses Wholesale Price Index (WPI) for materials and Consumer Price Index (CPI) for labour to calculate the escalation. Similar approach is being followed by many other countries too, but now-a-days some of the organisations have realized the shortfalls and hitches in this traditional method. Few organisations have taken initiative to develop construction specific cost indices such as Construction cost index (CCI), Producer Price Index (PPI), etc. The cost of escalation obtained from the present method is too low than the actual escalation amount incurred in the projects. The three main reasons for such a difference are: the use of WPI which is a general price index, the non availability of indices for majority of construction materials and the absence of construction specific regional wise cost indexes. Hence an urgent need has been felt to review the present approach. The use of actual prices (purchase rates) of the materials in the escalation formulae and secondly, the adoption of CCI to calculate escalation. In this study both the methods suggested have been proved with valid practical data and evidences and have been found to be significantly better than the existing approach

Enhancement of Physio-Mechanical Properties of Concrete Using Steel, PPF, SYF Fibers and their Feasibility for Road Construction

Plain concrete has two major deficiencies, Aghuy y low tensile strength and a low strain at fracture. The tensile strength of concrete is very low because plain concrete normally contains numerous micro cracks. It is the rapid propagation of these micro cracks under applied stress that is responsible for the low tensile strength of the material, eventually leading to brittle fracture of concrete. In past attempts have been made to impart improvements in tensile properties of concrete members by way of using conventional reinforced steel bars and also by applying restraining techniques. Although both methods provide tensile strength to concrete members, they how ever do not increase inherent tensile strength to concrete itself. It has been found that the addition of small closely spaced and uniformly dispersed fibers to concrete would act as crack arresters and would substantially improve its static and dynamic properties. This type of concrete is known as "Fiber Reinforced Concrete" (F.R.C.) This paper gives experimental investigation of steel, polypropylene and synthetic fiber in a glance. 24 cubes and 16 beams of M-40 grade concrete have been casted for different volumes of fiber based on literature survey. These specimens have been tested for compressive and flexural strength in laboratory based on the procedure given in codes. The results are analyzed and final conclusion is drawn. Based on conclusion, the fiber percentage is selected with considering technical and economical aspects which is 0.3% polypropylene fibers. Two slabs having dimensions 1m X 1mX 0.25m, one with 0.3% polypropylene fiber and another with normal concrete of M-40 grade have been cast. These slabs have been observed for the crack behavior after 28 days curing to come to final conclusion of the work done

Comparative Study on Cost Analysis of Natural & Manufacture Sand in Residential Building

The huge quantity of concrete is consumed by construction industry all over the world. In India, the conventional concrete is produced by using natural sand obtained from riverbeds as fine aggregate. The cheapest and the easiest way of getting substitute for natural sand is by crushing natural stone to get manufactured sand which would be free from all impurities. Manufactured sand is a term used for aggregate materials less than 4.75mm and which are processed from crushed rock or gravel. The concrete mixes having different mix proportions for both natural and manufactured sand (i.e. 100%NS+0%MS, 70%NS+30%MS, 40%NS+60%MS, and 0%Ns+100%MS) were prepared for M30 grade of concrete for cubes. Then there were 2 case studies is taken in which slab concrete cost of building by done construction and concrete cost of same quantity by my trial mix variation is compared. And this cost comparison of trial mix is done with cost of Natural sand & Manufactured Sand obtained from 3 different citie

Identification & Suggestion of Energy Efficient Alternative for Selected Building Materials

The total life cycle analysis can be divided as Operational Energy and Embodied Energy in case of the construction industry. The operational energy which is necessary for the whole life of the building starting from its genesis to ravage which includes energy required for heating and cooling are which is constructed already, processing of instruments, heat water and light rooms. The embodied energy can be explained as which enswathe and sustain the construction sites, for example, with a concrete panel, the energy need to manufacture cement, sand, aggregates, transport them to the site, mix them in a appropriate proportion, casing of them in a particular thickness. The energy required to ruin and recycle it can be taken in to account for best practice. Embodied energy is the addition of all the energy required to make a material from its manufacture to shipping. Embodied energy is comprises of the energy required for processing and manufacturing, transport, maintenance and demolition but it is very hard to calculate the energy required for the maintenance, demolition and transportation so because of this while calculating the embodied energy for the materials many researcher considered only processing and manufacturing energy

Solution for Water scarcity Problem in Construction

These paper is discusses about implementation of sewage water in construction. As per ISI, water demand for residential building is more than commercial building. As we know in residential building water is uses for various things such as for kitchen, bath room, drinking, washing clothes and utensils, toilet flushing etc. Sewage water is the water which collected from kitchen sink, bathroom water which are used for these create a waste. The paper discuses about how we can use that waste water in construction. If instead of creating waste, we are doing recycling of that sewage water and used in construction. If we do recycling of waste water then automatically the demand of water required for construction is automatically decreases. The paper discuses about sewage water treatment with the use of Biosanitizer Ecochips ad its implementation in construction. Also the paper discuses about the experimental research on implementation of sewage water in construction.The paper are discusses the study of effect of raw sewage water and treated sewage water on concrete strength. In ecological approach, ecochips are used for recycling of waste water. Use of treated waste water gives strength to concrete.The paper also discusses the economical point of view for using Ecochips for raw sewage water treatment. These paper has gives guidelines to carry out study of implementation of sewage water in construction field and useful to reduces the water problem in construction field also helps to reduce the total water demand loa

Concentration and characterization of microalgae proteins from Chlorella pyrenoidosa

Background: Many methods are available for the concentration of proteins; however, most are not easily scalable due to costs, the need of specialized instruments and skilled workers or are very time-consuming. Three-phase partitioning (TPP) is a separation technique that has gained a lot of interest due to its rapid, simple and scalable use for concentration, isolation and decontamination of proteins from crude samples with high recovery yields. In the present work, the effect of various parameters of TPP was evaluated to optimize the concentration of proteins from Chlorella pyrenoidosa (CP), is green algae that increasingly being used as food supplements because of its positive impacts on human health. Results: Chlorella pyrenoidosa was cultivated in a closed system under controlled conditions. After reaching maximum growth, the microalgae was harvested, dried and powdered. Afterwards, TPP of CP cell lysate was done to concentrate protein content. To maximize protein concentration, various parameters were optimized such as solvent (t-butanol), ammonium sulphate concentration (40 % w/v), solid load (0.75 g/20 mL), pH (6), incubation time (20 min), slurry to butanol ratio (1:1.5) and enzymatic treatment (combination of Stargen™ and Carezyme™). Also, total starch, cellulose and carbohydrate content before and after the enzymatic treatment were determined to comprehend the impact of enzymatic treatment on protein concentration. Using these optimized parameters, 78.1 % w/w protein concentration was obtained in middle protein concentrate phase. This protein concentrate was characterizedfor proximate composition, colour analysis, water holding capacity, oil-holding capacity, foaming capacity, foam stability, amino acid composition, protein quality and thermal properties. Conclusion: Various process parameters of TPP influence the protein concentration of middle protein concentrate phase. Enzymatically treated biomass also enhanced protein concentration in middle protein concentrate phase. Characterization of protein concentrate revealed the presence high-quality protein. Therefore, it is possible to implement TPP at an industrial scale for protein concentration.Fil: Waghmare, Ashish G.. Institute of Chemical Technology. Food Engineering and Technology Department; IndiaFil: Salve, Manoj K.. Institute of Chemical Technology. Food Engineering and Technology Department; IndiaFil: Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Arya, Shalini S.. Institute of Chemical Technology. Food Engineering and Technology Department; Indi