Screening of wood/forest and vine by-products as sources of new drugs for sustainable strategies to control fusarium graminearum and the production of mycotoxins

Fusarium graminearum is a fungal pathogen that can colonize small-grain cereals and maize and secrete type B trichothecene (TCTB) mycotoxins. The development of environmental-friendly strategies guaranteeing the safety of food and feed is a key challenge facing agriculture today. One of these strategies lies on the promising capacity of products issued from natural sources to counteract crop pests. In this work, the in vitro efficiency of sixteen extracts obtained from eight natural sources using subcritical water extraction at two temperatures was assessed against fungal growth and TCTB production by F. graminearum. Maritime pine sawdust extract was shown to be extremely efficient, leading to a significant inhibition of up to 89% of the fungal growth and up to 65% reduction of the mycotoxin production by F. graminearum. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of this active extract revealed the presence of three families of phenolics with a predominance of methylated compounds and suggested that the abundance of methylated structures, and therefore of hydrophobic compounds, could be a primary factor underpinning the activity of the maritime pine sawdust extract. Altogether, our data support that wood/forest by-products could be promising sources of bioactive compounds for controlling F. graminearum and its production of mycotoxins.Développement d'une infrastructure française distribuée pour la métabolomique dédiée à l'innovatio

Anthocyanins promote learning through modulation of synaptic plasticity related proteins in an animal model of ageing

Anthocyanin-rich foods, such as berries, reportedly ameliorate age-related cognitive deficits in both animals and humans. Despite this, investigation into the mechanisms which underpin anthocyanin-mediated learning and memory benefits remains relatively limited. The present study investigates the effects of anthocyanin intake on a spatial working memory paradigm, assessed via the cross-maze apparatus, and relates behavioural test performance to underlying molecular mechanisms. Six-week supplementation with pure anthocyanins (2% w/w), administered throughout the learning phase of the task, improved both spatial and psychomotor performances in aged rats. Behavioural outputs were accompanied by changes in the expression profile of key proteins integral to synaptic function/maintenance, with upregulation of dystrophin, protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) and tyrosine hydroxylase, and downregulation of apoptotic proteins B-cell lymphoma-extra-large (Bcl-xL) and the phosphorylated rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (p-Raf). Separate immunoblot analysis supported these observations, indicating increased activation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK1), Akt Ser473, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) Ser2448, activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc/Arg 3.1) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in response to anthocyanin treatment, whilst �-E-catenin, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1) and p38 protein levels decreased. Together, these findings suggest that purified anthocyanin consumption enhances spatial learning and motor coordination in aged animals and can be attributed to the modulation of key synaptic proteins, which support integrity and maintenance of synaptic function

Les psilocybes : aperçu général, toxicité, description des espèces de la région Champagne-ArdenneTitre

REIMS-BU Santé (514542104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Promote a new paradigm to prevent neurodegenerative disease in sub-Saharan Africa

Prevention is the corner stone when dealing with disability as it must be considered as a nearly irreversible condition in elderly people. There is a growing demand for the identification of effective solutions against the detrimental consequences that age-related conditions (in particular, disabilities) exert on our healthcare systems. Therefore, preventive interventions able to modify the natural history of age-related conditions are urgently needed. Nutritional interventions appear to be a potentially effective way to prevent dementia in high income countries. The promotion of a healthy lifestyle and the adoption of preventive countermeasures for a specific condition are quite challenging. The approach based on the use of local natural resources such as diversified and rich food must be explored in SSA

Promote a new paradigm to prevent neurodegenerative disease in sub-Saharan Africa

Prevention is the corner stone when dealing with disability as it must be considered as a nearly irreversible condition in elderly people. There is a growing demand for the identification of effective solutions against the detrimental consequences that age-related conditions (in particular, disabilities) exert on our healthcare systems. Therefore, preventive interventions able to modify the natural history of age-related conditions are urgently needed. Nutritional interventions appear to be a potentially effective way to prevent dementia in high income countries. The promotion of a healthy lifestyle and the adoption of preventive countermeasures for a specific condition are quite challenging. The approach based on the use of local natural resources such as diversified and rich food must be explored in SSA

Sweet triterpenoids in oak for cooperage: uncovering the difference between sessile and pedunculate oak.

Article dans une revue professionnell

Updated knowledge about pyranoanthocyanins: Impact of oxygen on their contents, and contribution in the winemaking process to overall wine color

Background Better knowledge of wine composition, especially that of anthocyanin-derived pigments, has helped improve wine quality over the years. The use of micro-oxygenation (MOX), which consists in adding low quantities of oxygen at different stages of the winemaking process, contributes to enhancing and stabilizing wine color through the formation of stable pigments called pyranoanthocyanins, while the cycloaddition of anthocyanins requires an oxidation step. Scope and approach This review describes the formation kinetics and the evolution of the concentrations of the various groups of pyranoanthocyanins. Both non-oxygenated and oxygenated varietal red wine samples are compared in order to determine the impact of MOX on pyranoanthocyanin contents. Key findings and conclusions During alcoholic fermentation, the concentration of vitisin A increases due to the availability of pyruvic acid and progressively decreases with aging. Higher contents are found in Port red wines. MOX can enhance the concentrations in dry red wines but the contents remain lower than those found in Port wines. The formation of vitisin B can be promoted by the oxidation of ethanol in acetaldehyde but the results depend on the varietal red wine used. Flavanol-pyranoanthocyanin contents also vary according to wine age, with a reported decreasing concentration during aging for Port and dry red wines. After MOX treatment, their concentrations increase with a more acidic pH and a higher oxygen rate. The increase of the content in pyranoanthocyanins after two years of ageing contributes to stabilize wine colour. Further studies will determine the impact of oxygen on phenyl-pyranoanthocyanins since data are still scarce on the subject

Understanding sweetness of dry wines: First evidence of astilbin isomers in red wines and quantitation in a one-century range of vintages

International audienceAstilbin (2R, 3R) was recently reported to contribute to wine sweetness. As its aglycon contains two stereogenic centers, three other stereoisomers may be present: neoisoastilbin (2S, 3R), isoastilbin (2R, 3S), and neoastilbin (2S, 3S). This work aimed at assaying their presence for the first time in wines as well as their taste properties. The isomers were synthesized from astilbin and purified by semi-preparative HPLC. With the four stereoisomers, a sweet taste was perceived whose intensity varied with the configuration. Their content was assayed by developing a UHPLC-Q-Exactive method. The method was applied to screen astilbin and isomers in various wines, especially in different vintages from the same estate. While young wines contained higher concentrations of astilbin than the old ones, the concentrations of the other isomers, mainly neoastilbin, were higher in the old wines, suggesting their formation over time

Triterpenoidi dolci e amari da legno di quercia

Article dans une revue professionnell