Perception and Play: Consumer Perceptions of Craft Breweries and the Impacts of Tourism Expenditures on Economic Health

This thesis evaluates two different strategies local leaders use to support and grow their economies. The first evaluates how residents from across the American South view and understand their experience of local craft breweries. The second evaluates the effects of direct tourism spending and direct tourism tax receipts on important measures of resident well-being in the twenty-three county Western North Carolina region. The first chapter in this thesis evaluates the overall consumer perception of the growing craft brewing industry within the states of Kentucky, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, and Louisiana and what factors affect this perception. It uses data from the Local Food System Vitality Survey distributed by the University of Kentucky to evaluate and draw important conclusions on residents’ perceptions of their local food systems. The idea of consumer perception forms the foundation of this chapter. The second chapter in this thesis evaluates the effects of direct tourism spending and direct tourism tax receipts on important measures of resident well-being in the twenty-three county Western North Carolina region. In this case, the measures of well-being are the number of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefit recipients, the estimated number of people in poverty (i.e. below the federal poverty line), and the number of employed persons (i.e. receiving taxable income from employment) in the twenty-three county region that makes up Western North Carolina from 1999 to 2019

Enterprise Audit Modeling of Large-Scale Agencies' Energy and Carbon Dioxide Accounting

Calculating and accounting of embodied and operational energy and carbon emissions within buildings is still not standardized. No regulations exist for standard equations, databases, or best practice methods to evaluate energy and carbon. The inaccuracies and incompatibilities found among common process, hybrid databases, and evaluation methods leave wide margins for error. This thesis proposes a standardized method, a Large-Scale Agency Analysis (LSAA), to evaluate carbon and energy emissions and proposes a new dynamic modeling method for large-scale agencies. The Comprehensive Dynamic Carbon Analysis (CDCA) method utilizes computer technology to evaluate nonlinear carbon emissions systems that can be applied to both individual buildings and large-scale agencies

DSM-5 unspecified feeding and eating disorders in adolescents: What do they look like and are they clinically significant?

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Wade, T. D. and O'Shea, A. (2015), DSM-5 unspecified feeding and eating disorders in adolescents: What do they look like and are they clinically significant?. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 48: 367–374. , which has been published in final form at DOI:10.1002/eat.22303. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. This item is under embargo for a period of 12 months from the date of publication, in accordance with the publisher's policy.Objective: The recent DSM-5 categorization of eating disorders introduces a new category of eating disorders, Unspecified Feeding and Eating Disorders (UFED), where symptoms do not meet criteria for any other diagnostic category, but cause clinically significant distress or impairment. The aim of the current study was to explore what disorders in UFED might look like in an adolescent population. Method: We examined a large cohort of adolescent female twins (N=699) who were assessed on three occasions and who did not meet a DSM-5 eating disorder diagnosis but who reported threshold levels of either fasting and/or driven exercise (N=33; 4.7%). This group of girls was compared to girls who reported no eating disorder over the three waves, and girls who met a diagnosis of either anorexia nervosa (AN) or atypical AN. Results: The UFED group was characterized as being in the overweight range while striving to lose weight, and placing a high degree of importance on weight and shape in their self-evaluation. This group was indistinguishable from the two eating disorder groups on measures of global eating disorder severity, and demonstrated significantly elevated impairment and distress compared to the no eating disorder group commensurate with the eating disorder groups. Discussion: Further research of this group is necessary to ensure that these individuals are not overlooked, and that treatment options are appropriate and available. Key words: DSM-5, impairment, adolescents, UFE

Online prevention of disordered eating in at-risk young-adult women: A two-country pragmatic randomized controlled trial

This article has been published in a revised form in Psychological Medicine. This version is free to view and download for private research and study only. Not for re-distribution, re-sale or use in derivative works. © Cambridge University Press 2017. This author accepted manuscript is made available following 6 month embargo from date of publication (Dec 2017) in accordance with the publisher’s copyright policyDisordered eating (DE) is a widespread, serious problem. Efficacious prevention programs that can be delivered at-scale are needed. A pragmatic randomized controlled trial of two online programs was conducted. Participants were young-adult women from Australia and New Zealand seeking to improve their body image. Media Smart-Targeted (MS-T) and Student Bodies (SB) were both 9-module interventions released weekly, whilst control participants received positive body image information. Primary [Eating Disorder Examination–Questionnaire (EDE-Q) Global], secondary (DE risk factors) and tertiary (DE) outcome measures were completed at baseline, post-program, 6- and 12-month follow-up. Baseline was completed by 608 women (M age = 20.71 years); 33 were excluded leaving 575 randomized to: MS-T (N = 191); SB (N = 190) or control (N = 194). Only 66% of those randomized to MS-T or SB accessed the intervention and were included in analyses with controls; 78% of this sample completed measures subsequent to baseline. Primary intent-to-treat (ITT) analyses revealed no differences between groups, while measure completer analyses found MS-T had significantly lower EDE-Q Global than controls at 12-month follow-up. Secondary ITT analyses found MS-T participants reported significantly higher quality of life–mental relative to both SB and controls (6-month follow-up), while MS-T and controls had lower clinical impairment relative to SB (post-program). Amongst measure completers, MS-T scored significantly lower than controls and SB on 5 variables. Of those with baseline DE, MS-T participants were significantly less likely than controls to have DE at 12-month follow-up. Given both programs were not therapist-moderated, MS-T has potential to achieve reductions in DE risk at low implementation costs

Assessing pain through behavioural observation

Background: The health inequalities faced by people with intellectual disabilities (ID) are well documented, affecting both duration and quality of life. Painful health conditions can be difficult to recognise as many people with ID struggle to self-report their pain. Therefore it is important that accurate observational tools are available to support recognition and assessment of pain in people with ID. Aim: This thesis seeks to assess the use of currently available observational assessments of pain through meta-analytic methods, and then evaluates a more specialist observational tool designed to detect gastric pain. Meta-analysis: A comprehensive review of the literature found 62 distinct observational measures used in published research. The five most commonly used measures were assessed through a series of meta-analyses, synthesising correlations between observational and self-report measures of pain. Moderate correlations were found for all observational measures compared to self-report, though unacceptable levels of heterogeneity were also identified. Recommendations are made for use of the Face, Legs, Activity, Crying, Consolability scale. Empirical paper: The Gastric Distress Questionnaire (GDQ) is a parent report measure designed to screen for Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD), a painful health condition which is common in people with ID. Significant differences in GDQ scores were found between children with and without recent GORD. A clinical cut off is recommended for the use of the GDQ to screen for reflux. Behavioural observation by a naïve observer was not found to associate to GDQ scores provided by a parent, emphasising the importance of caregiver report in identifying GORD

Investigation of spinal posture signatures and ground reaction forces during landing in elite female gymnasts

The link between static and dynamic landing lumbar postures, when gymnasts are exposed to large ground reaction forces, has not been established. This investigation aimed to (a) determine if a relationship exists between sagittal static and dynamic landing lumbar spine angles at peak ground reaction force (GRF) and (b) quantify how close to end-range postures the gymnasts were at landing peak GRF. Twenty-one female gymnasts’ upper and lower lumbar spine angles were recorded: statically in sitting and standing, during landing of three gymnastic skills, and during active end-range lumbar flexion. Pearson’s correlations were used to investigate relationships between the angles in different postures. Significant correlations (r = .77–.89, p < .01) were found between all the static/dynamic postures in the lower lumbar spine angle, while fewer and less significant upper lumbar spine correlations were reported. Thirty percent of gymnasts landed a backsault with their lower lumbar spine flexed beyond their active end-range while experiencing GRF 6.8–13.3 times their body weight. These results inform low back pain prevention and management strategies in this population and highlight areas for future research

Making Shared Print Management Happen: A Project of Five Canadian Academic Libraries

Five academic libraries in Ontario (Canada) are collaborating in a shared last print copy repository project. The project, called Keep@Downsview, aims to consolidate and rationalize low-use print materials held by the partner libraries and ensure long-term preservation of these important scholarly materials in Ontario, while still providing access via document delivery and ILL. In doing so, each of the partner institutions demonstrates its commitment to the stewardship of print collections for future generations while repurposing valuable space on campus. This paper describes the background, rationale, challenges, and lessons learned for this unique Canadian project that leveraged funding from the province of Ontario, the University of Toronto‘s high density preservation facility at Downsview, and the commitment of all partners to preserve the scholarly record in Ontario