Session I Nursing Presentation 4: MILKED: Messaging to Increase Lactation Knowledge, Exclusivity, and Duration

Abstract It is well documented in the literature that breastfeeding provides a myriad of health benefits for mothers and infants across the lifespan. However, rates of exclusive breastfeeding and breastfeeding duration have remained relatively stagnant nationwide. Breastfeeding rates are particularly low for women enrolled in the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) nutrition program. Breastfeeding intent and breastfeeding self-efficacy are maternal factors that have been shown to increase breastfeeding rates. The objective of this quality improvement initiative was to increase intent to breastfeed and enhance breastfeeding self-efficacy by implementing a text-messaging intervention for women in the WIC breastfeeding peer-counseling program to improve breastfeeding duration and exclusivity rates and promote maternal and infant health. Women were eligible to participate if they had access to a mobile device, the ability to text, and could read and write English. Data for breastfeeding intent and self-efficacy were collected at enrollment and at 37 weeks gestation and data for exclusivity and duration were measured at two and six weeks postpartum. Low response rates to the surveys to measure breastfeeding intent and self-efficacy limited data on the effects of the intervention on these two variables. However, comparison of breastfeeding rates between women enrolled in the text-messaging program and those who did not enroll shows that three times as many women in the text-messaging group were exclusively breastfeeding and twice as many were providing any breast milk at six weeks. Moreover, many participants of the text-messaging program expressed satisfaction with the service and the help they received from breastfeeding peer counselors. A text-messaging educational and support service may have a positive effect on breastfeeding exclusivity and duration rates for the WIC population. The service was a well-accepted method of providing breastfeeding education and support to women enrolled in the WIC breastfeeding peer-counselor program

More Than Mortal: Divine Depictions of Livia in Early Imperial Portraiture and Literature

This thesis addresses the divine reception of Livia Drusilla (58 BCE – 29 CE), first empress of Rome, during and just after her lifetime throughout the Roman empire. Both an art historical and a literary approach reveal aspects of Livia’s divinity as understood by the people who lived under Julio-Claudian rule. The introduction to this thesis provides necessary historical context regarding the nascent imperial age and Livia’s position within it, especially as embodying what it meant to be a woman in the ruling family during a time that stressed traditional morality and dynasty. The first chapter serves as a reception study of Livia’s portraits, namely the statues, gemstones, monuments, and coins that portray her as divine through various attributes that evoke familiar images of Greek goddesses. The chapter is structured around shifts in Livia’s typography, from nodus-style portraits to the center-part Kiel/Salus type to the explicitly divine Diva Augusta type, which ultimately share features that suggest the divine implications in all of the types throughout her lifetime. The second chapter places selections of early imperial literature within the context of their genres--elegy and history--and political motivations, and it considers various authors’ treatments of Livia that demonstrate her preeminence and assumed divinity following her death. The authors analyzed include Ovid, Velleius Paterculus, Tacitus, and, more briefly, Suetonius and Cassius Dio. The evidence suggests that Livia was treated as more than mortal during her lifetime, that her divinity was expected after her death, and that her deification in 42 CE under Claudius’ reign was a formal legitimization of her long-accepted divine status

Angle-resolved x-ray circular and magnetic circular dichroisms: Definitions and applications

We introduce definitions of angle-resolved x-ray circular dichroism (ARXCD) and magnetic x-ray circular dichroism (ARMXCD). As defined, the much larger effect of circular dichroism (ARXCD) is separated from the smaller magnetic (ARMXCD) effect. In all materials, ARXCD is zero along mirror planes while nonzero elsewhere. ARMXCD is nonzero only in magnetic materials. The measurement and analysis of ARMXCD allow element specific surface magnetism and surface structure as well as their inter-relationship to be studied as functions of the outgoing electron's directionpublished_or_final_versio

Photoelectron Diffraction Determination of the Structure of Ultrathin Vanadium Films on Cu(001)

X-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) have been used to study the structural properties of V thin films on Cu(001). For room-temperature growth, submonolayer coverages result in (1x1) LEED patterns that evolve to exhibit very diffuse (2x1) structure at approximately 1 monolayer coverage. We do not observe any V forward-focusing enhancements for V films that exhibit either the (1x1) or (2x1) structure, suggesting that these structures are limited to the first 1-2 vanadium layers. At coverages above 1 monolayer, the V films display complex LEED patterns characteristic of four bcc(110) domains. This structure persists to V coverages as high as 100 ML, and the LEED and XPD angular scans suggest that V in these films retain the bulk V lattice constant. These results have important ramifications for predictions of magnetic order in vanadium thin films that typically assume pseudomorphic growth

Determination of Cysteine

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Examining Sport Team Identification, Social Connections, and Social Well-being among High School Students

Past research has found that sport team identification is positively correlated with social psychological health (Phua, 2012; Wann & Weaver, 2009) including work testing adolescent fans (Wann, Brasher, Thomas, & Scheuchner, in press).  The current study was designed to extend previous investigations by examining the relationship between team identification and the establishment and maintenance of social connections.  Data from 177 high school students confirmed expectations as identification with a high school football team was positively correlated with both social well-being and social connections.  However, social connections were not found to mediate the relationship between identification and well-being, contrary to the team identification – social psychological health model (Wann, 2006b)

College Student Attendance at Sporting Events and the Relationship Between Sport Team Identification and Social Psychological Health

Consistent with the Team Identification—Social Psychological Health Model (Wann, 2006a), past research indicates college students’ levels of identification with university teams is positively correlated with social psychological health. The current investigation was designed to examine how attendance may impact this relationship. The sample contained 148 college students who completed a questionnaire packet assessing identification with their school’s men’s basketball team, amount of attendance at the team’s games, and two measures of social well-being (loneliness and collective self-esteem). Regression analyses revealed that level of team identification (i.e., private involvement), but not attendance (i.e., public involvement), accounted for a significant proportion of unique variance in well-being. Therefore, it appears that private involvement with a college sport team is more strongly associated with college students’ social well-being than is public involvement

Use of Retroactive Pessimism as a Method of Coping with Identity Threat: The Impact of Group Identification

Retroactive pessimism involves retrospectively lowering one's evaluations of a group's chances for success after a failed competition. Although past research has substantiated the existence of this strategy, investigators have yet to examine how level of group identification might impact the use of retroactive pessimism. Given that coping with group threat is most prominent among persons with high levels of group identification, we hypothesized that displays of retroactive pessimism would be magnified in persons with strong allegiances to a group. This hypothesis was tested by having supporters of two college basketball teams evaluate the chances for victory for each team both prior to the game between the teams and subsequent to the contest. Regression analyses confirmed expectations (the greatest magnitude of retroactive pessimism was reported by highly identified supporters of the losing team in their evaluations of the winning team). Subsequent analyses revealed that this effect was not mediated by level of disappointment in the outcome

Angle-Resolved X-Ray Circular and Magnetic Circular Dichroisms: Definitions and Applications

We introduce definitions of angle-resolved x-ray circular dichroism (ARXCD) and magnetic x-ray circular dichroism (ARMXCD). As defined, the much larger effect of circular dichroism (ARXCD) is separated from the smaller magnetic (ARMXCD) effect. In all materials, ARXCD is zero along mirror planes while nonzero elsewhere. ARMXCD is nonzero only in magnetic materials. The measurement and analysis of ARMXCD allow element specific surface magnetism and surface structure as well as their inter-relationship to be studied as functions of the outgoing electron\u27s direction

Comparison of Branching Ratio and Sum-Rule Analyses of Magnetic Circular Dichroism in X-Ray-Absorption Spectroscopy

Two localized picture methods of analyzing the magnetic circular dichroism in x-ray absorption will be applied to experimental results: the branching ratio (BR) and sum rule (SR) approaches. A derivation of the BR formulas and detailed comparison to the SR expressions will be made, including error estimations. The BR approach will be seen to be a limiting case form of the SR spin-moment expression and provide a simple picture of the underlying physics in magnetic x-ray circular dichroism absorption in 3d magnetic materials