A PILOT INVESTIGATION INTO FORCE PRODUCTION IN TETHERED SWIMMING AS AN INDIVIDUAL MONITORING TOOL

Gaining an understanding of the physical capabilities and capacities that underpin the performance of a complex skill are important to help guide performance development at the elite level. The purpose of this study was to improve understanding of the force generating characteristics that relate to performance in elite swimmers. Three elite butterfly swimmers were tested over six weeks to examine the interactions between force-derived variables from 30 s of maximal tethered swimming and maximal 50m swimming performance, both performed using the butterfly stroke. Mean force, peak force and impulse per stroke all displayed very strong relationships with 50m swim time (r \u3e -0.8) and distance per stroke (r \u3e 0.8) in group analysis. Peak force and impulse per stroke were better than mean force at discriminating variations in performance for an individual

Vitalitätsbestimmungen von Cryptosporidium-parvum-Oozysten in einem Zellkultursystem mittels Immunfluoreszenztechnik und computergestützter Bildanalyse

In dieser Arbeit wird eine neue Methode der Vitalitätsbestimmung von Cryptosporidium parvum-Oozysten beschrieben. Die gereinigten Oozysten wurden in einer HCT-8-zelllinie kultiviert und mittels IFAT ausgewertet. Um eine genaue Quantifizierung der fluoreszierenden Flächen vornehmen zu können, wurden die Bilder einer Bildanalysesoftware zugeführt und analysiert. Die Menge eingesäter Oozysten korrelierte signifikant mit den gemessenen Flächen intrazellulärer Entwicklungsstadien. In diesem System wurden verschiedene Feldisolate vergleichend getestet sowie die Vitalität thermisch inaktivierter Oozysten bestimmt

Applicability of ERTS-1 to Montana geology

The author has identified the following significant results. Late autumn imagery provides the advantages of topographic shadow enhancement and low cloud cover. Mapping of rock units was done locally with good results for alluvium, basin fill, volcanics, inclined Paleozoic and Mesozoic beds, and host strata of bentonite beds. Folds, intrusive domes, and even dip directions were mapped where differential erosion was significant. However, mapping was not possible for belt strata, was difficult for granite, and was hindered by conifers compared to grass cover. Expansion of local mapping required geologic control and encountered significant areas unmappable from ERTS imagery. Annotation of lineaments provided much new geologic data. By extrapolating test site comparisons, it is inferred that 27 percent of some 1200 lineaments mapped from western Montana represent unknown faults. The remainder appear to be localized mainly by undiscovered faults and sets of minor faults or joints

Using standardized tests scores for better education of students

The push for excellence in education has accelerated during the 1980\u27s. As a result, there is renewed emphasis on using standardized achievement tests in American schools. Every school district in the United States requires some sort of standardized achievement test (Sproull & Zubrow, 1981). In a report to the 1980 National Invitational Conference, Jennie Yeh, Joan Herman, and Lawrence M. Rudner stated that every child will complete at least six full batteries of standardized achievement tests before graduating from high school. The results and use of these results has become a national concern to parents, teachers and others involved in educating children in the United States

Universal deformation rings of modules for generalized Brauer tree algebras of polynomial growth

Let $k$ be an arbitrary field, $\Lambda$ be a $k$-algebra, and $V$ be a $\Lambda$-module. When it exists, the universal deformation ring $R(\Lambda,V)$ of $V$ is a $k$-algebra whose local homomorphisms from $R(\Lambda,V)$ to $R$ parametrize the lifts of $V$ up to $R\Lambda$, where $R$ is any appropriate complete, local commutative Noetherian $k$-algebra. Symmetric special biserial algebras, which coincide with Brauer graph algebras, can be viewed as generalizing the blocks of finite type $p$-modular group algebras. Bleher and Wackwitz classified the universal deformation rings for all modules for symmetric special biserial algebras with finite representation type. In this paper, we begin to address the tame case. Specifically, let $\Lambda$ be a symmetric special biserial algebra of polynomial growth which coincides with an acyclic Brauer graph algebra. We classify the universal deformation rings for those $\Lambda$-modules $V$ with stable endomorphism ring isomorphic to $k$. The latter is a natural condition, since it guarantees the existence of the universal deformation ring $R(\Lambda,V)$

Applicability of ERTS-1 to lineament and photogeologic mapping in Montana: Preliminary report

A lineament map prepared from a mosaic of western Montana shows about 85 lines not represented on the state geologic map, including elements of a northeast-trending set through central western Montana which merit ground truth checking and consideration in regional structural analysis. Experimental fold annotation resulted in a significant local correction to the state geologic map. Photogeologic mapping studies produced only limited success in identification of rock types, but they did result in the precise delineation of a late Cretaceous or early Tertiary volcanic field (Adel Mountain field) and the mapping of a connection between two granitic bodies shown on the state map. Imagery was used successfully to map clay pans associated with bentonite beds in gently dipping Bearpaw Shale. It is already apparent that ERTS imagery should be used to facilitate preparation of a much needed statewide tectonic map and that satellite imagery mapping, aided by ground calibration, provides and economical means to discover and correct errors in the state geologic map

Influence of zoledronic acid on disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow and survival: results of a prospective clinical trial

BACKGROUND: The presence of disseminated tumor cells (DTC) in bone marrow (BM) of breast cancer patients is associated with reduced clinical outcome. Bisphosphonate treatment was shown to eradicate DTC from BM in several studies. This controlled randomized open-label multi-center study aimed to investigate the influence of zoledronic acid (ZOL) on DTC and survival of breast cancer patients (Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT00172068). METHODS: Patients with primary breast cancer and DTC-positive bone marrow were randomized to treatment with ZOL plus adjuvant systemic therapy (n = 40) or adjuvant systemic therapy alone (n = 46) between 03/2002 and 12/2004. DTC were identified by immunocytochemistry using the pancytokeratin antibody A45B/B3 and by cytomorphology. The change in DTC numbers at 12 months and 24 months versus baseline, as well as patient outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: 86 patients could be included into survival analysis (median follow-up: 88 months, range: 8–108 mths). Patients in the control group were more likely to die during follow-up than those in the ZOL-group (11% vs. 2%, p = 0.106). 15% of patients in the control group presented with relapse whereas only 8% of ZOL group patients developed metastatic or recurrent disease during follow-up (p = 0.205). At 24 months, 16% of patients from the control group were still DTC positive, whereas all patients treated with ZOL became DTC negative (p = 0.032). Patients presenting with persistent DTC 12 months after diagnosis had significantly shorter overall survival (p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: Bisphosphonate therapy contributes to eradication of disseminated tumor cells. The positive influence of bisphosphonates on survival in the adjuvant setting may be due to their effects on DTC. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00172068 [Zoledronic Acid in the Treatment of Breast Cancer With Minimal Residual Disease in the Bone Marrow (MRD-1)]