Maternal-infant bonding and partner support during pregnancy and postpartum:Associations with early child social-emotional development

The first 1000 days after conception are considered critical for healthy development and well-being throughout life. Fundamental to health practices during pregnancy and positive parenting after birth is the development of maternal-infant bonding. Previous research has demonstrated the importance of having an involved partner during pregnancy and in parenting for optimal maternal-infant bonding. The current study examined maternal-infant bonding and partner support during pregnancy and the postpartum period, and their associations with early child social-emotional development. A total of 227 women completed the Pre- and Postnatal Bonding Scale (PPBS) and Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale (TPDS) during pregnancy (32 weeks of gestation) and at 8 months postpartum, assessing maternal-infant bonding and partner support. Additionally, a questionnaire on social-emotional behavior of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development was administered to mothers to measure child development at 2 years of age. Path analyses revealed an indirect positive effect of prenatal maternal-infant bonding on child social-emotional development through postnatal maternal-infant bonding, as well as mediating effects of pre- and postnatal maternal-infant bonding on the association between pre- and postnatal partner support and child social-emotional development. Our findings support the notion that an emotional connection from mother to child originates in pregnancy and that experiencing positive feelings towards the fetus promotes positive maternal-infant bonding after birth and social-emotional capacities of the child. Additionally, having a supportive partner during pregnancy and postpartum, might be essential for the development of optimal maternal-infant bonding

Histopathology of ameloblastoma of the jaws; some critical observations based on a 40 years single institution experience

The aim of the present study is to examine all cases of intraosseous benign ameloblastomas treated between 1970 and 2010 in a single institution and to look for a possible correlation between the histopathological aspects and the demographical and clinical parameters, as well as the treatment outcome. The data of a total number of 44 patients were retrieved from the records. Nine patients were excluded because of doubt about the correct diagnosis (8 patients) or because of an extra-osseous presentation (1 patient). No statistically significant differences were found between the histopathological (sub)types of ameloblastomas and the demographical and clinical parameters, nor between the histopathological (sub)types and treatment outcome. Of the 28 patients treated by enucleation, in 17 patients one or more recurrences occurred, with no significant predilection for any histopathological (sub)type, including the unicystic type. There were no significant differences in the recurrence rate after enucleation in patients below and above the age of 20 years either. In six out of 17 patients with a recurrence, the recurrent lesion showed a different histopathological subtype than was encountered in the primary. In two cases a change from solid/multicystic to desmoplastic ameloblastomas was noticed. In conclusion, the current histopathological classification of benign intraosseous ameloblastoma does not seem to have clinical relevance with the possible exception of the luminal unicystic ameloblastoma that has been removed in toto, unfragmented. Since no primary desmoplastic ameloblastomas were encountered in the present study no further comments can be made on this apparently rare entity. © Medicina Oral S. L

Managing C-suite conflict:The unique impact of internal and external governance interfaces on top management team reflexivity

The ability of Top Management Teams (TMTs) to reflect critically on their own actions represents an important element of effective TMT decision making and governance effectiveness. This paper therefore examines how the TMT-board interface internal to the organization, as well as the TMT interface with the external supervisory authority, shape TMT reflexivity. Drawing from governance and psychological theories, we posit that cognitive conflict at the TMT-board interface can escalate by increasing levels of affective TMT-board conflict, and hereby, harm TMT reflexivity if not managed well. This proposition was tested in a multisource team-level data set collected in the field among TMTs (N = 111 TMT members) and their supervisory boards (N = 152 board members) of 56 Dutch insurance companies. The findings demonstrate that the link between cognitive and affective TMT-board conflict is mitigated by board membership influx. Yet in cases where conflict escalation does occur, its subsequent impact on TMT reflexivity hinges on the degree to which an external supervisory authority monitored TMT actions. The results illustrate that TMT decision making processes can be effectively influenced by internal and external TMT-governance interfaces, yet at different conflict stages, and through different governance actions