430 research outputs found
Progress as educational myth
The article is organized in seven chapters. The first one treats the historical perspective. Progress is conceived as the central category of the historical development in Western Civilisation. In the second chapter the process of civilisation and its effects on the formation of modern man is examined. The third chapter focuses on progress as on educational goal and its relation with the "invention" of childhood and youth. The fourth chapter treats concepts and procedures of international educational aid. The fifth chapter explores the mythical structure of progress. In the sixth chapter doubts concerning the adequateness of progress as an exclusive goal for educational and societal development are expressed and perspectives for an analysis of educational myths are elaborated. Finally, future aspects of progress as an educational and societal concept are developed. (DIPF/Orig.)L\u27article est organisé en sept chapitres. Le premier traite la perspective historique. Le progrès est conçu comme la catégorie centrale du développement historique dans les civilisations de l\u27ouest. Dans le second chapitre, le procès de la civilisation et ses effets sur la formation de l\u27homme moderne est examiné. Le troisième chapitre met en évidence le progres comme but de l\u27éducation et sa relation avec "l\u27invention" de l\u27enfance et de l\u27adolescence. Le quatrième traite des concepts et procédures du secours pédagogique international. Le cinquième chapitre explore la structure mythique du progrès. Dans le sixième le progrès comme but exclusif de l\u27évolution pédagogique et sociale est mis en doute. Puis l\u27analyse des mythes pédagogiques est faite. A la fin, les aspects futurs du progrès en tant que concept pédagogique et social sont développés. (DIPF/Orig.
Human Beings and Their Education from an Anthropological Perspective: Current Discourses in the Field of Educational Science in the German-Speaking World
In this article Cristoph Wulf examines the basic concepts of pedagogy and educational science in the German-speaking world, looking at education and socialization from the perspective of educational anthropology. He makes evident that the complex German concept of Bildung, in particular, can only be fully understood by means of a historical and philosophical analysis
Symmetries and transport in site-dependently driven quantum lattices
We explore the quantum dynamics of particles in a spatiotemporally driven
lattice. A powerful numerical scheme is developed, which provides us with the
Floquet modes and thus enables a stroboscopic propagation of arbitrary initial
states. A detailed symmetry analysis represents the cornerstone for an
intricate manipulation of the Floquet spectrum. Specifically, we show how exact
crossings can be converted into avoided ones, while the width of these
resulting avoided crossings can be engineered by adjusting parameters of the
local driving. Asymptotic currents are shown to be controllable over a certain
parameter range
A large and natural Class of - and -complete Problems in Bilevel and Robust Optimization
Because - and -hardness proofs are usually tedious
and difficult, not so many complete problems for these classes are known. This
is especially true in the areas of min-max regret robust optimization, network
interdiction, most vital vertex problems, blocker problems, and two-stage
adjustable robust optimization problems. Even though these areas are
well-researched for over two decades and one would naturally expect many (if
not most) of the problems occurring in these areas to be complete for the above
classes, almost no completeness results exist in the literature. We address
this lack of knowledge by introducing over 70 new -complete and
-complete problems. We achieve this result by proving a new
meta-theorem, which shows - and -completeness
simultaneously for a huge class of problems. The majority of all earlier
publications on - and -completeness in said areas are
special cases of our meta-theorem. Our precise result is the following: We
introduce a large list of problems for which the meta-theorem is applicable
(including clique, vertex cover, knapsack, TSP, facility location and many
more). For every problem on this list, we show: The interdiction/minimum cost
blocker/most vital nodes problem (with element costs) is -complete.
The min-max-regret problem with interval uncertainty is -complete.
The two-stage adjustable robust optimization problem with discrete budgeted
uncertainty is -complete. In summary, our work reveals the
interesting insight that a large amount of NP-complete problems have the
property that their min-max versions are 'automatically' -complete
Analysis of interface conversion processes of ballistic and diffusive motion in driven superlattices
We explore the non-equilibrium dynamics of non-interacting classical
particles in a one-dimensional driven superlattice which is composed of domains
exposed to different time-dependent forces. It is shown how the combination of
directed transport and conversion processes from diffusive to ballistic motion
causes strong correlations between velocity and phase for particles passing
through a superlattice. A detailed understanding of the underlying mechanism
allows us to tune the resulting velocity distributions at distinguished points
in the superlattice by means of local variations of the applied driving force.
As an intriguing application we present a scheme how initially diffusive
particles can be transformed into a monoenergetic pulsed particle beam whose
parameters such as its energy can be varied
Contingent Capital with Sequential Triggers
Contingent capital has great potential to help make systemically important financial institutions (SIFIs) safer, minimize systemic risk, and help avoid another financial crisis. United States policymakers may not have fully utilized the potential of contingent capital. A draft by the European Union (EU) Commission already suggests the mandatory issuance of contingent capital securities in the resolution phase of systemically important banks in Europe. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act mandates a study on the feasibility of contingent capital. This Article proposes the use of contingent capital with a sequential trigger as an early preventative tool and as a reorganization tool before liquidation, independent of protection under bankruptcy proceedings. The first preventative trigger, in a going concern conversion, would convert a fixed amount of debt to equity at a stage when the institution is still sound on a micro prudential basis but shows early signs of substantial weakening. The first trigger in this proposal would help prevent an externality on taxpayers. The second reorganization trigger would increase voting rights for holders of contingent capital after conversion to equity at the reorganization stage. Sequential triggers could incentivize corrective action by SIFI management. The second trigger, gone concern conversion, introduces a quasi-preparation stage for bankruptcy, independent of management decisions or corrective action by regulators. The second trigger would only be utilized if evidence proves that the first conversion did not internalize the costs of bank failure through the equity conversion induced capital increase. The second trigger could be used either to prevent a SIFI resolution or to assist in a SIFI?s resolution or bankruptcy. The proposal would work seamlessly with the regulatory framework proposed by the EU Commission and could provide U.S. policymakers with a new perspective on the multiple uses of contingent capital in the context of bank restructuring
Resolving the spin polarization and magnetic domain wall width of (Nd,Dy)FeB with spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy
The electronic structure and the domain wall width of industrial (Nd,Dy)FeB hard magnets were investigated using low-temperature, spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in ultra-high vacuum. In a first step, atomically clean and flat surfaces were prepared. The flat terraces were separated by monatomic steps. Surface termination was identified as the Fe c layer from atomically resolved STM imaging. The electronic density of states and its spin polarization agree well with ab initio predictions of the Fe c layer. High-resolution spin-polarized STM images allowed to finally resolve the domain wall width w of only 3.2 ± 0.4 nm
- …