ANALISIS KANDUNGAN ASAM ASKORBAT DALAM MINUMAN KEMASAN YANG MENGANDUNG VITAMIN C

Minuman kemasan yang mengandung vitamin C sering terpapar oleh sinar matahari terutama pada saat proses pendistribusian dan penjualan minuman, padahal senyawa asam askorbat yang berperan sebagai antioksidan mudah mengalami degradasi atau oksidasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah kandungan asam askorbat pada minuman kemasan mengalami perubahan yang signifikan setelah dibiarkan terpapar di bawah sinar matahari. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah dua belas produk minuman kemasan yang mengandung vitamin C. Dua belas minuman kemasan tersebut diukur konsentrasi asam askorbatnya, kemudian dibiarkan terpapar di bawah sinar matahari selama satu jam, setelah itu diukur kembali konsentrasi asam askorbatnya. Pengukuran tersebut dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri uv-vis pada panjang gelombang 265,5 nm. Untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan konsentrasi asam askorbat antara minuman kemasan sebelum dengan setelah perlakuan maka dilakukan uji statistik berupa Paired Sample T-Test. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer uv-vis diperoleh hasil bahwa konsentrasi asam askorbat yang terkandung pada kedua belas sampel minuman kemasan mengalami penurunan setelah didiamkan di bawah sinar matahari selama satu jam. Penurunan tersebut berada pada rentang 1,97%  hingga 58.79%. Hasil uji Paired Sample T-Test menunjukkan nilai signifikasi sebesar 0,001 atau p<0,05 yang menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaaan yang signifikan antara kandungan asam askorbat sebelum dan setelah perlakuan. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa paparan sinar matahari selama satu jam dapat menyebabkan penurunan konsentrasi asam askorbat dalam minuman kemasan secara signifika

SELULOSA DARI AMPAS TEBU SEBAGAI ADSORBEN PADA MINYAK BEKAS PENGGORENGAN

Penggorengan minyak dapat menyebabkan asam lemak yang terdapat di dalamnya mengalami oksidasi menghasilkan senyawa yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan, diantaranya adalah senyawa peroksida, aldehid dan akrilamid. Salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk menghilangkan senyawa-senyawa berbahaya tersebut adalah dengan cara penggunaan adsorben. Akhir-akhir ini banyak dikembangkan adsorben yang berasal dari serat alami. Salah satunya adalah selulosa yang terkandung 40-50% dalam ampas tebu. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan selulosa dari ampas tebu sebagai adsorben pada minyak bekas penggorengan. Ekstraksi selulosa dari ampas tebu dilakukan dengan cara menambahkan 250 mL larutan NaOCl 0,735% dan 150 mL larutan NaOH 17,5 %. Pengujian adsorben dilakukan dengan cara menambahkan selulosa ke dalam minyak bekas penggorengan selama 1x24 jam dan 2x24 jam. Kemudian dilakukan pengukuran kualitas minyak goreng. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa perendaman minyak jelantah dengan menggunakan selulosa selama 2x24 jam dapat menurunkan bilangan asam sampai dengan 52,31% dan menurunkan bilangan peroksida mencapai 68,36%, akan tetapi nilai kadar airnya meningkat sebesar 45,29%. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa selulosa dari ampas tebu berpotensi sebagai adsorben pada minyak bekas penggorengan.Kata kunci: selulosa, ampas tebu, adsorben, minyak jelantah.

Synthesis and virtual screening of bis-(4-(tert-butyl)-N-(methylcarbamothioyl) benzamide)-Iron (III) complex as an anticancer candidate

Thiourea derivatives were much used in drug discovery and drug-making, such as for an anticancer. The formation of drug complexes can increase lipophilicity through chelation formation, and the drug action is significantly upward due to the effective permeability to the center. In another study, the alteration of the compound becomes the complex with metal will grow in its activity so recently we have synthesized the Bis-(4-(Tert-Butyl)-N-(Methylcarbamothioyl) Benzamide)-Iron (III) complex.  The synthesis of Fe (III) metal with the 4-(Tert-Butyl)-N-(Methylcarbamothioyl) Benzamide in ethanol by reflux at 75oC for 7 hours. Hot Stage Microscopy, UV-Visible Spectrophotometry Infrared Spectrophotometry, and Massa Spectrophotometry were used to characterize the complex. This study concerns representing, inferring, and predicting pharmacokinetics and toxicity and molecular docking complexes. The complex weight was 0.29469 g. Its purity has been tested using the melting point determination and has obtained its range was 113o-115oC. The Characteristics of Bis-(4-(Tert-Butyl)-N-(Methylcarbamothioyl) Benzamide)-Iron(III) complex have a maximum wavelength of 260,0 nm and provide absorption of Fe-O vibrations at wavenumbers 478,2 cm-1and 588 cm-1, and the m/z complex of spectrophotometry mass was 559,31. The molecular docking process was performed using AutodockTools-1.5.6 software. It showed that Bis-(4-(Tert-Butyl)-N-(Methylcarbamo-thioyl)Benzamide)-Iron(III) complex could interact with ribonucleotide reductase enzyme, and it has better interaction than the 4-(Tert-Butyl)-N-(Methylcarbamothioyl)Benzamide with the binding affinity energy (ΔG)of  -8,52 kcal/mole and the constant inhibition (Ki ) of 568,55 nM

STUDI KINETIKA DAN ISOTERM ADSORPSI TIMBAL(II) PADA KULIT JENGKOL (Pithecellobium jiringa) TERAKTIVASI

Penggunaan limbah kulit jengkol untuk mengadsorpsi ion timbal(II) telah berhasil dilakukan. Kulit jengkol yang digunakan merupakan limbah dari salah satu pasar tradisional di Kota Tasikmalaya.  Kulit jengkol diaktivasi terlebih dahulu menggunakan asam nitrat sebelum digunakan sebagai adsorben. Waktu optimum yang dibutuhkan kulit jengkol untuk mengadsorpsi ion timbal(II) adalah 30 menit dengan persen ion teradsorpsi sebesar 60,6936%. Kinetika adsorpsi timbal(II) pada kulit jengkol mengikuti model kinetika pseudo dua Ho dengan nilai R2 sebesar 0,9954 dan nilai k sebesar 1,9843 menit-1. Isoterm adsorpsi dari timbal(II) pada kulit jengkol mengikuti model adsorpsi Freunlich dengan nilai R2 sebesar 0,9797 dan kapasitas adsorpsi sebanyak 0,5537 mg/gram

FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FACIAL SERUM FROM ASTAXANTHIN-BETA CAROTENE NANOEMULSION AS AN ANTIOXIDANT

Objective: The purpose of this study is to make facial serum from astaxanthin-beta carotene nanoemulsion as an antioxidant. Methods: Nanoemulsions were prepared using Spontaneous Nanoemulsion (SNE) method with a ratio of 1:8:1 for (Sunflower oil): surfactant (Kolliphor® RH40): and co-surfactant (PEG 400). Physical nanoemulsion characterization includes globule size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, visual appearance, pH and entrapment efficiency test. The best results from nanoemulsion were then combined into serum preparations which were then tested for evaluation of the preparations, including organoleptic, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, adhesion and stability test (cycling test). Results: The results showed that the nanoemulsion of astaxanthin and beta-carotene combination that had been developed had a globule size of<50 nm (with a normal globule size distribution curve), polydispersity index value was less than 0.5, zeta potential was greater than-20 mV and entrapment efficiency was ranging from 80-85%. The results of the preparation evaluation showed that serum astaxanthin-beta carotene nanoemulsion had good results in physical, chemical and stability test during storage. The best serum formula is formula 3 when viewed from the results of the evaluation of the dosage form with an IC50 value of 8.562 ppm with a very strong category as an antioxidant. Conclusion: Facial serum from astaxanthin-beta carotene is the potential to be an antioxidant

SYNTHESIS OF ENCAPSULATED CHROMOLAENA ODORATA LEAF EXTRACT IN CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLE BY USING IONIC GELATION METHOD AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of Chromolaena odorata. Methods: Encapsulation of Chromolaena odorata leaf extract by nano chitosan was synthesized by using chitosan and NaTPP as the crosslinking agent. The antioxidant activity was conducted by using the DPPH method. Results: Nanoparticles of Chromolaena odorata leaf extract has an average diameter of 675±218 nm and+23.4±7.14 mV of zeta potential. The antioxidant activity of its extract was 0.86 ppm, while its nanoparticle has the better antioxidant activity of 0.21 ppm. Conclusion: Nanoparticles of Chromolaena odorata have very strong antioxidant activity and the potential to be external antioxidants

ACTIVITY NANOKIRINYUH (CHROMOLAENA ODORATA) LEAVES EXTRACT IN ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

Objective: Diabetes Mellitus is a type of degenerative disease that is increasing every year in countries around the world. Diabetes Mellitus is a major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, and stroke. Nanokirinyuh leaves have potential as an antidiabetic because they contains chemical compounds that have antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to determine activity of nanokirinyuh leaves as an antidiabetic. Methods: Wistar rats as many as 24 animals were divided into 6 groups, namely the normal control group, positive control (glibenclamide 0.5 mg/Kg BW), negative control (alloxan 600 mg/BW rat), and nanochitosan kirinyuh leaves at a dose of 225 mg/Kg BW rat, 450 mg/Kg BW rat and 675 mg/Kg BW treatment was carried out for 10 d. Percent decrease of level glucose was evaluated along with histopathological investigation in various experimental groups of rats. Data analysis using the One Way Anova test and continued LSD test. Results: Level of Glucose at a dose of 675 mg/Kg BW rats showed the highest levels of the negative group and other dose groups. Pancreas histopathology test results showed that the group with a dose of 450 mg/Kg BW of rats had the lowest necrosis rate compared to the negative control group and other dose groups. Conclusion: Nanokirinyuh leaves can reduce of level plasma glucose and necrosis in a histopathology test

IMPROVEMENT OF THE DISSOLUTION PROFILE OF SIMVASTATIN TABLETS WITH THE ADDITION OF CREMOPHOR-EL USING WET GRANULATION METHOD

Objective: Simvastatin is a drug used as a first-line anti-cholesterol in the treatment of dyslipidemia. Low solubility will affect its ability to penetrate the digestive tract membrane and will affect the amount of drug levels in the plasma. The use of Cremophor-EL as a surfactant has been shown to inhibit the action of P-glycoprotein so that it can increase the bioavailability of a drug and can increase the effect of a drug. Methods: The preparation of simvastatin tablets was carried out using the wet granulation method. The dissolution test used the paddle method, a speed of 50 rpm at a temperature of 37±0.5 ° C with a phosphate buffer pH 7.0 as the dissolution medium. Results: The results showed that at 30 min the generic simvastatin tablets had 81.52% dissolution and the Simvastatin Tablets with Cremophor-EL were 85.520%. Conclusion: Simvastatin cremophor-EL tablets are more dissolved than generic simvastatin at 30 min so that cremophor-EL simvastatin tablets have a better dissolution rate than generic simvastatin tablets

NEPHROPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF KIRINYUH (CHROMOLAENA ODORATA L) IN GENTAMICIN INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN WISTAR RATS

Objective: The global prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) was 9.1% (697.5 million cases). Chronic kidney disease can occur, one of which is caused by drug nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity remains major problem for its effective long-term clinical use. Gentamicin is known to cause many morphologic, metabolic and functional alterations in the kidney and the specificity of gentamicin nephrotoxicity is related to its accumulation in the renal proximal convoluted tubules leading to tubular necrosis. Nephrotoxicity can be prevented by nephroprotective by giving antioxidants. Kirinyuh leaves (Chromolaena odorata L.) has potential as a nephroprotective because it contains chemical compounds that have antioxidant activity. Methods: Wistar rats as many as 25 animals were divided into five groups, namely the normal control negative control (gentamicin 60 mg/kg BW rat), and kirinyuh leaf extract at a dose of 225, 450 and 675 mg/kg BW treatment was carried out for 10 d. Serum creatinine and urea levels were evaluated along with histopathological investigation in various experimental groups of rats. Data analysis using the One Way Anova test and continued LSD test. Results: Serum creatinine was a significant difference between groups P = 0.000 (P<0.05). The results of LSD analysis on creatinine levels showed a significant difference between the normal group and the negative group (P = 0.00); negative group to dose group 1 (P = 0.020) (P<0.05); dose 2 (P = 0.005) (P<0.05); and dose 3 (P = 0.000) (P<0.05). Dose 3 had the lowest creatinine level compared to other dose groups. Conclusion: Serum creatinine level at dose 675 significantly changes compare by a negative group of other dose groups. Renal histopathology results showed that the group with a dose of 450 mg/BW of rats had the lowest necrosis rate compared to the negative control group and other dose groups