International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Determinação do Valor Nutricional das Sojas Integrais Processadas para Aves Determination of the Nutritional Values of Processe Full-Fat Soybeans for Poultry

Três ensaios biológicos foram realizados com o objetivo de determinar o conteúdo de energia metabolizável e do coeficientes de digestibilidade do extrato etéreo da soja integral processada por diferentes métodos (extrusão e tostagem) e do farelo de soja reconstituído com óleo. No primeiro e segundo ensaios, foram utilizadas a metodologia tradicional de coleta total de excretas, utilizando pintos no primeiro ensaio e galos no segundo. No terceiro ensaio, empregou-se a metodologia de alimentação forçada (Sibbald, 1976) com galos adultos. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, as sojas testadas apresentaram composições bromatológicas semelhantes. Os processamentos usados para a soja integral conferiram diferenças na digestibilidade dos nutrientes da soja e os coeficientes de digestibilidade do extrato etéreo obtidos para a soja extrusada e para o farelo de soja com adição de óleo foram superiores aos obtidos para soja tostada pelo vapor. Os valores de energia metabolizável obtidos para a soja extrusada foram superiores aos encontrados para a soja tostada pelo vapor e para o farelo de soja com adição de óleo, que foram semelhantes entre si.<br>Three-assay birds were conducted to evaluate the contents of metabolizable energy and ether extract digestibility of processed full-fat soybeans by extrusion, by toast and of the soybean meal plus oil. Two assays were carried out by using the traditional total excreta collection by chicks and by rooster, and the other assay was developed by using the force-feeding adult rooster method (Sibbald, 1976). The results showed that the feed composition of the soybean-tested were similar. The different processing caused differences on digestibility of the nutrients of the soybeans tested and the value of coefficients of the nutrients in extruded soybean and soybean meal plus oil were higher than that heated soybean. The value of metabolizable energy was superior in extruded soybean