Concentrations of higher dicarboxylic acids C5 – C13 in fresh snow samples collected at the High Alpine Research Station Jungfraujoch during CLACE 5 and 6

Samples of freshly fallen snow were collected at the high alpine research station Jungfraujoch (Switzerland) in February and March 2006 and 2007, during the Cloud and Aerosol Characterization Experiments (CLACE) 5 and 6. In this study a new technique has been developed and demonstrated for the measurement of organic acids in fresh snow. The melted snow samples were subjected to solid phase extraction and resulting solutions analysed for organic acids by HPLC-MS-TOF using negative electrospray ionization. A series of linear dicarboxylic acids from C5 to C13 and phthalic acid, were identified and quantified. In several samples the biogenic acid pinonic acid was also observed. In fresh snow the median concentration of the most abundant acid, adipic acid, was 0.69 micro g L -1 in 2006 and 0.70 micro g L -1 in 2007. Glutaric acid was the second most abundant dicarboxylic acid found with median values of 0.46 micro g L -1 in 2006 and 0.61 micro g L -1 in 2007, while the aromatic acid phthalic acid showed a median concentration of 0.34 micro g L -1 in 2006 and 0.45 micro g L -1 in 2007. The concentrations in the samples from various snowfall events varied significantly, and were found to be dependent on the back trajectory of the air mass arriving at Jungfraujoch. Air masses of marine origin showed the lowest concentrations of acids whereas the highest concentrations were measured when the air mass was strongly influenced by boundary layer air

Impact of Ozone-initiated Terpene Chemistry on Indoor Air Quality and Human Health

The ECA Report no. 26 on ¿Ozone-Initiated Chemistry and Its impact on Indoor Air Quality and Human Health¿ summarises the current state-of-the-art concerning indoor air pollution and health due to chemical reactions occurring indoors makes recommendation for research priorities for the future. More sepcifically, a state-of-the-art review on the scientific evidence concerning ozone-initiated terpene chemistry and related human health effects is given along with measurements methods so far developed to monitor the concentration of the key reactants ozone and terpene and finally a risk assessment methodology for indoor ozone-initiated terpene chemistry is described.JRC.I.5-Physical and chemical exposure

Nanoparticle Emissions of CR Diesel Engines EURO 4 Fuelled by Plant Oils

Non-esterified plant oils gain ecological and economical importance, particularly in the EU where it is intended to increase the share of renewable energies. Plant oils do not require any chemical treatment so do not cause secondary pollution. The importance of plant oil will increase in Germany for mobile and stationary applications. The generation co-generation of heat and power is subsidized by the German “Erneuerbares Energiegesetz” and the “Kraft-Wärme-Kopplungsgesetz” when renewable fuels are used such as plant oils.. Plant oils have a much higher viscosity than conventional gas oil. It is mandatory to decrease the oil viscosity by heating prior to injection to assure proper injection and to avoid engine damage due to coke formation in the combustion chamber and at the injection nozzle. The German quality standard of Weihenstephan (RK-Qualitätsstandard 05/2000) for rape seed oil should be followed for use as diesel fuel. The chemical composition of plant oils is appreciably different in comparison to diesel fuels derived from mineral oils suggesting also different emission behavior

Particle and Gaseous Emissions of Diesel Engines Fuelled by Different Non-Esterified Plant Oils

The particulate matter and gas emissions of several plant oils are analyzed in the hot exhaust gas under various engine conditions at different speeds and loads The measurement data are compared to the emission values of conventional diesel fuel (gas oil). The investigation concentrates on a modern common rail TDI light duty diesel, four cylinders, for passenger cars. The differences in the gas and particulate matter emission - compared to conventional diesel fuel - are remarkably low for the diesel engine which is properly adjusted for the plant oils. Emission data of an old heavy duty diesel engine are also shown for comparison reasons and reveals large differences. Differences are found in the pressures of the indicator diagram, time resolved over the crank angle. Plant oils consistently exhibit a higher cylinder pressure. The TEM investigation confirms the differences found by the LPME (long path multi-wavelength extinction) on-line analysis

Measurements of Acetone and Other Gas Phase Product Yields from the OH-Initiated Oxidation of Terpenes by Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS).

Abstract not availableJRC.(EI)-Environment Institut

LC-MS Analysis of Aerosol Particles from Oxidation of alpha-Pinene by Ozone and OH-Radicals.

Abstract not availableJRC.H-Institute for environment and sustainability (Ispra

Gas-Phase OH Oxidation of Monoterpenes: Gaseous and Particulate Products.

Abstract not availableJRC.(EI)-Environment Institut

Gas Phase OH Oxidation of Monoterpenes: Gaseous and Particulate Products.

Abstract not availableJRC.(EI)-Environment Institut