Dietary Variation of Long Tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Telaga Warna, Bogor, West Java

The genus Macaca, member of sub-family Cercopithecinae, is the most widely distributed non-human primates in Asian countries. The habitats are strongly influence the dietary variation of the populations. The dietary variation of the macaques reflect ecological plasticity in coping with differences both in availability and abundance of food. The macaques are plastic in taking any kind of food that available in their home range and adjust their behaviour according to its abundance. Here, we present the dietary variation of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in the high altitude rain forest of Telaga Warna, West Java, Indonesia. The proportion of their food from natural sources is greater than those from visitors. The natural food consisted of plants, small animals (insects and earthworm), fungi and water from lake. The plant food comprised of 29 species plus a few mosses. The frequency of eating artificial food was influenced by visitors who come for picnic. In this site, the macaques learned that the visiting of tourists is identical with food

Variation of Handedness and Creativity in Bogor Primary and Secondary School Students

Left-handed individual’s minority has been ubiquitous in human population which leads them to be adaptable in right-handed world. As a preference, daily hand used must be consistentacross individuals and tasks, known as handedness. Handedness needs to be assessed with specific tasks using tools due to consistency of using either hand. There is a different adaptation that leads to creativity in left-handed individuals. The aim of this study is to assess left-handed individuals and measure their creativity. Handedness was examined by self-declared and 10 specific tasks of 493 both primary and secondary school students in Bogor, Indonesia. The total frequency of left-handed individuals was 7.3%. It seems that there are special adaptations that may signal creative behavior for left-handed individuals. The result showed that the left-handed females had higher creativity score than the males on Adjective Check List. Age and sex influence on creativity are discussed

Social Networking Sites and Empathy Among Adolescents in Indonesia

Social networking sites (SNSs) have increased in number and popularity for more than a decade especially for adolescents. Previous studies conducted in western countries have stated that using SNSs could exert positive and negative effects on various aspects of psychosocial development, one of which is empathy. The relationship between SNSs use and empathy has remained unclear, especially in Indonesia. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the relationship between SNSs and empathy on adolescents in Indonesia. This study recruited 1,638 students from junior and senior high school with ages ranging from 12 to 19 years randomly across several provinces in Indonesia. Data collection was carried out by administering online questionnaires to participants consists of informed consent, demographic data, intensity of SNSs use during the past week with the Social Networking Time Use Scale (SONTUS) method, and questions about empathy with the Adolescent Measure of Empathy and Sympathy (AMES) method. Our result showed that higher frequency of using SNSs significantly positive correlated with cognitive empathy, affective empathy, and sympathy among adolescents in Indonesia, which is similar to previous studies, so this may be a general pattern in adolescence. The connections made by SNSs is believed to increase feelings of humanity (sympathy) and also empathy to other humans

The Facial Width-To-Height Ratio is Unrelated to Aggressive Behaviour in Indonesian People

As a channel of non-verbal communication, faces can give information such as mate attraction, intelligence, and aggressivity. Aggressivity is a character to dominate, protect position, and fight over resources. Several aggressive behaviours in humans are, for example, anger, hostility, physical aggression, and verbal aggression. Previous studies in western society showed that aggressivity could be perceived from the faces. We tested 100 Indonesian males ranging from 19-51 years old to fill out the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) to measure the aggression scale. The mean of their BPAQ scales (total aggression, anger, hostility, physical aggression, and verbal aggression) were 72.44±10.84, 17.37±3.97, 21.38±4.53, 18.97±4.65, 14.72±2.68, respectively. The average facial photograph was generated based on the min-Q1 (Low Aggressivity (LA)) and Q3-max (High Aggressivity (HA)) BPAQ scale. Next, the aggressivity of averaged LA and HA faces was evaluated by raters. The raters consisted of 145 males and 213 females randomly recruited, ranging from 17 to 67 years old. The facial width-to-height (fWHR) ratio between the average faces of the Low-Aggression face and the High-Aggression face was insignificant. This study concluded that Indonesian people could not perceive aggressivity in their faces

Cognitive Style and Creative Quality: Influence on Academic Achievement of University Students in Indonesia

Reasoning is a process to solve the problem. This process needs cognitive functions in thinking, learning, and making decision. Cognitive style is a term to explain human natural preferences in gathering and processing information. Humans appears to reason using two cognitive processing styles; the first system is called as intuitive thinking style that is spontaneous, effortless, and without conscious search, whereas the second system is called as reflective or analytical thinking that works in a deliberate, analytical, procedural, and controllable process. In human context, sometimes people encounter difficult problem or unknown situation that have to be coped by ideas that are both novel and adaptive to the task constraints. People who solve the problem successfully are called creative. Creativity is the base to enhance competitiveness among students that might result in good academic performance. The present study examined cognitive style and creative quality in affecting academic achievement of university students in Indonesia. The result showed that students who used analytical thinking tended to have higher academic success, especially in life science majors. Moreover, it was found that students would need to materialize their creative potential to reach greater academic achievement in demanding classes; for instance, the final year of undergraduate program

The Notes on Mammal Carcasses Collected in Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia

A field survey was conducted in Pangandaran Nature Reserve (PNR), West Java, Indonesia between 2011 and 2015, during which fresh carcasses of wild mammals were collected. Body sizes of these carcasses were performed. This paper reports relevant data for future applications

Eksplorasi Preferensi Masyarakat Terhadap Pemanfaatan Ayam Lokal di Kabupaten Bogor Jawa Barat

Indonesian native chickens consist of indigenous chickens and a chickens originated from abroad which adapted and grow in Indonesia. Based on 120 respondents who have been interviewed, there were seven types chicken commonly raised, namely: kampong, bangkok, arab, kate, pelung, gaga’, and birma. People commonly raised native chickens for religion, food, ornamental, and trading purposes. Six of those seven native chickens (86%) are reared for trading, five types (71%) for ornamental, and four types (57%) for egg and meat production purpose. Three types chicken (43%) were well-known had the benefits for eggs production. The religious category was the highest ICF value (1.00) followed by food (meat and eggs production) category with ICF value by 0.98. Arab chicken had the highest Fidelity Level (FL) value (70.96%) as egg and meat producer. Egg production of arab chicken reached 22.50 egg/period and it was the highest productivity of all experimental chickens. Average flock size per household was 11.31 with a population around 225 chickens/household. Kampong chicken was the most popular to be raised (79.16%) followed by bangkok (40.00%), kate (13.33%), gaga’ (10.00%), arab (8.33%), pelung (5.83%), and birma (3.33%). Kampong chicken is a food source and highly used for religion purpose had 38.23% of FL valu

Perilaku Alami dan Tidak Alami Burung Kakatua Jambul Kuning (Cacatua sp.) di Animal Sanctuary Trust Indonesia, Jawa Barat: Natural and Stereotype Behavior of Yellow-Crested Cockatoo (Cacatua sp.) in Animal Sanctuary Trust Indonesia, West Java

Cockatoo (Cacatua sp.) is one of birds that is widely distributed in Indonesia and often kept as pet, thus threatening the Cacatua population in the wild. Environmental condition may affect the behavior of Cockatoo. Some unnatural behavior may arise due to living in the captive. Different cage conditions may result in different behavior performance in Cockatoo. Research on daily behavior at animal rescue sites at ASTI Bogor has never been conducted. This study aimed to analyze natural and stereotype behavior of Cacatua sp. at animal rescue center due to foreclosure, and analyze the relationship between cage condition and environmental factors. This study used focal instantaneous sampling, using eight individuals Cacatua sp. Cacatua sp. in ASTI performed natural behavior more than unnatural behavior, therefore ASTI can be a good place for animal rescue. The dominant natural behaviors were Resting (Re), Preening (Pr), Feeding (Fe), Locomotion (Lo), and Fighting (Fg), while unnatural behaviors were play, bite, abnormal vocalization, feather picking and aggressive. There are no difference in behavior between male and female, and also behavior in the morning and afternoon (p>0.05), but cage condition had a significant effect to daily behavior of Cacatua sp. (<0.05)

Correlation between Stress and Eating Behaviour in College Students: A Longitudinal Study

Stress is a process that involves the perception of and response to pressure and is often related to eating behaviour. For college students, academic stress could be one factor that affects eating behaviour. So far, no longitudinal study has directly compared the same respondents’ stress levels and eating behaviours in different years of study. Thus, this study aimed to examine changes in stress levels and eating behaviour during college students’ third and final years and determine the correlation between stress levels and eating behaviour. We asked 89 undergraduate students (27 males and 62 females) to complete a questionnaire on their stress levels using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and their eating behaviour. Our results showed that students had significantly higher stress levels during the final year than in their third year. Our results also showed that during the student’s final year, there was a significant increase in eating when feeling stressed, overeating, eating fast food, and skipping meals compared to their third year. There was also a significant decrease in healthy food consumption during the final year compared to the third year. During the third year of study, stress levels were increased by academic workload pressure; meanwhile, during the final year of study, they were affected by sex and undergraduate thesis pressure. These results indicate that differences in academic pressure in different years of study can influence stress levels and eating behaviour in college students