3,379 research outputs found
Hierarchical Classification of Pulmonary Lesions: A Large-Scale Radio-Pathomics Study
Diagnosis of pulmonary lesions from computed tomography (CT) is important but
challenging for clinical decision making in lung cancer related diseases. Deep
learning has achieved great success in computer aided diagnosis (CADx) area for
lung cancer, whereas it suffers from label ambiguity due to the difficulty in
the radiological diagnosis. Considering that invasive pathological analysis
serves as the clinical golden standard of lung cancer diagnosis, in this study,
we solve the label ambiguity issue via a large-scale radio-pathomics dataset
containing 5,134 radiological CT images with pathologically confirmed labels,
including cancers (e.g., invasive/non-invasive adenocarcinoma, squamous
carcinoma) and non-cancer diseases (e.g., tuberculosis, hamartoma). This
retrospective dataset, named Pulmonary-RadPath, enables development and
validation of accurate deep learning systems to predict invasive pathological
labels with a non-invasive procedure, i.e., radiological CT scans. A
three-level hierarchical classification system for pulmonary lesions is
developed, which covers most diseases in cancer-related diagnosis. We explore
several techniques for hierarchical classification on this dataset, and propose
a Leaky Dense Hierarchy approach with proven effectiveness in experiments. Our
study significantly outperforms prior arts in terms of data scales (6x larger),
disease comprehensiveness and hierarchies. The promising results suggest the
potentials to facilitate precision medicine.Comment: MICCAI 2020 (Early Accepted
Scalable Synthesis of Uniform Mesoporous Aluminosilicate Microspheres with Controllable Size and Morphology and High Hydrothermal Stability for Efficient Acid Catalysis
Mesoporous aluminosilicates are promising solid acid catalysts. They are also excellent supports for transition metal catalysts for various catalytic applications. Synthesis of mesoporous aluminosilicates with controllable particle size, morphology, and structure, as well as adjustable acidity and high hydrothermal stability, is very desirable. In this work, we demonstrate the scalable synthesis of Al-SBA-15 microspheres with controllable physicochemical properties by using the microfluidic jet-spray-drying technology. The productivity is up to ∼30 g of dried particles per nozzle per hour. The Al-SBA-15 microspheres possess uniform controllable micron sizes (27.5-70.2 μm), variable surface morphologies, excellent hydrothermal stability (in pure steam at 800 °C), high surface areas (385-464 m2/g), ordered mesopore sizes (5.4-5.8 nm), and desirable acid properties. The dependence of various properties, including particle size, morphology, porosity, pore size, acidity, and hydrothermal stability, of the obtained Al-SBA-15 microspheres on experimental parameters including precursor composition (Si/Al ratio and solid content) and processing conditions (drying and calcination temperatures) is established. A unique morphology transition from smooth to wrinkled microsphere triggered by control of the Si/Al ratio and solid content is observed. The particle formation and morphology-evolution mechanism are discussed. The Al-SBA-15 microspheres exhibit high acid catalytic performance for aldol-condensation reaction between benzaldehyde and ethyl alcohol with a high benzaldehyde conversion (∼56.3%), a fast pseudo-first-order reaction rate (∼0.1344 h-1), and a high cyclic stability, superior to the commercial zeolite acid (H-ZSM-5). Several influencing factors on the catalytic performance of the obtained Al-SBA-15 microspheres are also studied
RePAD: Real-time Proactive Anomaly Detection for Time Series
During the past decade, many anomaly detection approaches have been
introduced in different fields such as network monitoring, fraud detection, and
intrusion detection. However, they require understanding of data pattern and
often need a long off-line period to build a model or network for the target
data. Providing real-time and proactive anomaly detection for streaming time
series without human intervention and domain knowledge is highly valuable since
it greatly reduces human effort and enables appropriate countermeasures to be
undertaken before a disastrous damage, failure, or other harmful event occurs.
However, this issue has not been well studied yet. To address it, this paper
proposes RePAD, which is a Real-time Proactive Anomaly Detection algorithm for
streaming time series based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). RePAD utilizes
short-term historic data points to predict and determine whether or not the
upcoming data point is a sign that an anomaly is likely to happen in the near
future. By dynamically adjusting the detection threshold over time, RePAD is
able to tolerate minor pattern change in time series and detect anomalies
either proactively or on time. Experiments based on two time series datasets
collected from the Numenta Anomaly Benchmark demonstrate that RePAD is able to
proactively detect anomalies and provide early warnings in real time without
human intervention and domain knowledge.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, the 34th International Conference on Advanced
Information Networking and Applications (AINA 2020
Voltage step stress: a technique for reducing test time of device ageing
Device ageing leads to circuit malfunction and must be controlled. During ageing, defects build up slowly and the test is time consuming and costly. The typical ageing tests are repeated ~5 times under different voltages. To reduce the test time, the voltage step stress (VSS) technique is proposed, which replaces the multiple tests under different voltage by a single test and saves time. This paper reviews the recent development of the VSS technique. After presenting its underlying principle, its applicability will be demonstrated for both the negative bias temperature instability and hot carrier ageing
(pi,pi)-electronic order in iron arsenide superconductors
The distribution of valence electrons in metals usually follows the symmetry
of an ionic lattice. Modulations of this distribution often occur when those
electrons are not stable with respect to a new electronic order, such as spin
or charge density waves. Electron density waves have been observed in many
families of superconductors[1-3], and are often considered to be essential for
superconductivity to exist[4]. Recent measurements[5-9] seem to show that the
properties of the iron pnictides[10, 11] are in good agreement with band
structure calculations that do not include additional ordering, implying no
relation between density waves and superconductivity in those materials[12-15].
Here we report that the electronic structure of Ba1-xKxFe2As2 is in sharp
disagreement with those band structure calculations[12-15], instead revealing a
reconstruction characterized by a (pi,pi) wave vector. This electronic order
coexists with superconductivity and persists up to room temperature
Observation of a ppb mass threshoud enhancement in \psi^\prime\to\pi^+\pi^-J/\psi(J/\psi\to\gamma p\bar{p}) decay
The decay channel
is studied using a sample of events collected
by the BESIII experiment at BEPCII. A strong enhancement at threshold is
observed in the invariant mass spectrum. The enhancement can be fit
with an -wave Breit-Wigner resonance function with a resulting peak mass of
and a
narrow width that is at the 90% confidence level.
These results are consistent with published BESII results. These mass and width
values do not match with those of any known meson resonance.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Chinese Physics
Effects of temperature on thick branes and the fermion (quasi-)localization
Following Campos's work [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 141602 (2002)], we investigate
the effects of temperature on flat, de Sitter (dS), and anti-de Following
Campos's work [Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{88}, 141602 (2002)], we investigate the
effects of temperature on flat, de Sitter (dS), and anti-de Sitter (AdS) thick
branes in five-dimensional (5D) warped spacetime, and on the fermion
(quasi-)localization. First, in the case of flat brane, when the critical
temperature reaches, the solution of the background scalar field and the warp
factor is not unique. So the thickness of the flat thick brane is uncertain at
the critical value of the temperature parameter, which is found to be lower
than the one in flat 5D spacetime. The mass spectra of the fermion Kaluza-Klein
(KK) modes are continuous, and there is a series of fermion resonances. The
number and lifetime of the resonances are finite and increase with the
temperature parameter, but the mass of the resonances decreases with the
temperature parameter. Second, in the case of dS brane, we do not find such a
critical value of the temperature parameter. The mass spectra of the fermion KK
modes are also continuous, and there is a series of fermion resonances. The
effects of temperature on resonance number, lifetime, and mass are the same
with the case of flat brane. Last, in the case of AdS brane, {the critical
value of the temperature parameter can less or greater than the one in the flat
5D spacetime.} The spectra of fermion KK modes are discrete, and the mass of
fermion KK modes does not decrease monotonically with increasing temperature
parameter.Comment: 24 pages, 15 figures, published versio
LRP16 Integrates into NF-κB Transcriptional Complex and Is Required for Its Functional Activation
BACKGROUND: Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-mediated pathways have been widely implicated in cell survival, development and tumor progression. Although the molecular events of determining NF-κB translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus have been extensively documented, the regulatory mechanisms of NF-κB activity inside the nucleus are still poorly understood. Being a special member of macro domain proteins, LRP16 was previously identified as a coactivator of both estrogen receptor and androgen receptor, and as an interactor of NF-κB coactivator UXT. Here, we investigated the regulatory role of LRP16 on NF-κB activation. METHODOLOGY: GST pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation (CoIP) assays assessed protein-protein interactions. The functional activity of NF-κB was assessed by luciferase assays, changes in expression of its target genes, and its DNA binding ability. Annexin V staining and flow cytometry analysis were used to evaluate cell apoptosis. Immunohistochemical staining of LRP16 and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based evaluation of active NF-κB were performed on primary human gastric carcinoma samples. RESULTS: We demonstrate that LRP16 integrates into NF-κB transcriptional complex through associating with its p65 component. RNA interference knockdown of the endogenous LRP16 in cells leads to impaired NF-κB activity and significantly attenuated NF-κB-dependent gene expression. Mechanistic analysis revealed that knockdown of LRP16 did not affect tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB, but blunted the formation or stabilization of functional NF-κB/p300/CREB-binding protein transcription complex in the nucleus. In addition, knockdown of LRP16 also sensitizes cells to apoptosis induced by TNF-α. Finally, a positive link between LRP16 expression intensity in nuclei of tumor cells and NF-κB activity was preliminarily established in human gastric carcinoma specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings not only indicate that LRP16 is a crucial regulator for NF-κB activation inside the nucleus, but also suggest that LRP16 may be an important contributor to the aberrant activation of NF-κB in tumors
Upregulated sirtuin 1 by miRNA-34a is required for smooth muscle cell differentiation from pluripotent stem cells
© 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. microRNA-34a (miR-34a) and sirtuin 1 (SirT1) have been extensively studied in tumour biology and longevityaging, but little is known about their functional roles in smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation from pluripotent stem cells. Using well-established SMC differentiation models, we have demonstrated that miR-34a has an important role in SMC differentiation from murine and human embryonic stem cells. Surprisingly, deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SirT1), one of the top predicted targets, was positively regulated by miR-34a during SMC differentiation. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that miR-34a promoted differentiating stem cells' arrest at G0G1 phase and observed a significantly decreased incorporation of miR-34a and SirT1 RNA into Ago2-RISC complex upon SMC differentiation. Importantly, we have identified SirT1 as a transcriptional activator in the regulation of SMC gene programme. Finally, our data showed that SirT1 modulated the enrichment of H3K9 tri-methylation around the SMC gene-promoter regions. Taken together, our data reveal a specific regulatory pathway that miR-34a positively regulates its target gene SirT1 in a cellular context-dependent and sequence-specific manner and suggest a functional role for this pathway in SMC differentiation from stem cells in vitro and in vivo
Acute Ethanol Effects on Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Nonfasted Rats
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66417/1/j.1530-0277.1997.tb03832.x.pd
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