TINDAK TUTUR ILOKUSI ANTARA GURU DAN SISWA PADA ANAK PENYANDANG DOWN SYNDROME

Abstrak. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai fenomena tindak tutur yang dimiliki para siswa penyandang DS pada SLB Dharma Wanita Bogor. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif melalui analisis percakapan antara guru dan siswa dengan merekam aktivitas belajar mengajar di SLB Dharma Wanita Kota Bogor di dalam kelas. Pada analisis tindak tutur ilokusi para siswa SLB Dharma Wanita Kota Bogor ditemukan ilokusi asertif 25 buah, ilokusi direktif 7 buah, ilokusi komisif 5 buah, ilokusi ekspresif 4 buah, ilokusi deklaratif tidak ditemukan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa jenis tindak tutur para siswa pada anak penyandang DS di SLB Dharma Wanita Kota Bogor yang paling banyak ditemukan ialah ilokusi asertif, yaitu sebanyak 25 buah. Ilokusi asertif menjadi jenis tindak tutur yang paling sering digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu kepada lawan tutur karena banyaknya pernyataan yang diucapkan siswa penyandang DS.Ilokusi deklaratif jarang sekali ditemukan karena dalam percakapan antara guru dan siswa pada anak penyandang DS karena tidak adanya korespondensi antara isi dan realitas. Kata kunci: Pragmatik, Tindak Tutur, Down Syndrom

CACAT PELAFALAN KONSONAN PADA PENDERITA TOKSOPLASMA KAJIAN NEUROLINGUISTIK

oai:jurnalunj.journal.unj.ac.id:article/314Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan atau mendeskripsikan konsonan apa sajakah yang mengalami perubahan pada penderita Toksoplasma. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan analisis data yang dilakukan, diperoleh hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. Konsonan yang paling banyak mengalami penggantian bunyi adalah konsonan /k/ yaitu sebanyak 5 data, yaitu konsonan /k/ menjadi konsonan /Å‹/. Lalu terdapat 4 data kesalahan pada penambahan bunyi (adisi) yang dilafalkan oleh responden pertama. Konsonan yang paling banyak mengalami penambahan bunyi atau kemunculan bunyi baru adalah bunyi /k/ sebanyak 4 kali. Selebihnya penambahan /Å‹/ satu kali, penambahan /w/ satu kali, penambahan /n/ dua kali, dan penambahan /s/ satu kali. Konsonan yang paling banyak mengalami penghilangan bunyi adalah konsonan /m/, /n/, /r/, yaitu sebanyak masing-masing dua kali.Adapun konsonan yang paling sedikit mengalami penghilangan bunyi adalah /b/, /l/, /t/, /c/, /Å‹/, yaitu masing-masing sebanyak satu kali. Konsonan yang paling banyak berubah adalah menghilangnya konsonan /l/ yaitu sebanyak 5 kali. Selain itu, konsonan yang banyak mengalami penghilangan adalah konsonan /m/, /t/, /r/ masing-masing sebanyak tiga kali. Kata Kunci: Konsonan, Toksoplasma, dan Neurolinguisti

Geoconservation, history of

[Excerto] The word "geoconservation" was probably used for the first time in Tasmania (Australia) in the beginning of the 1990s (Sharples 1993). Sharples, a pioneer of Australian geoconservation, reports that during the period of 1993-1994, the Forestry Commission of Tasmania prepared several reports with preliminary inventories of landforms in the state forests of Tasmania in order to facilitate "the conservation of Earth systems ('Geoconservation')" (Sharples 1993). However, initiatives to protect particular geological and geomorphological features started centuries before, during the seventeenth century. The first example of the protection of geological features dates back to 1668, concerning the protection of the Baumannshöhle cave in the Harz Mountains in Germany (Grube 1994)...info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A Geological Itinerary Through the Southern Apennine Thrust-Belt (Basilicata—Southern Italy)

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Inventorying geological heritage in large territories : a methodological proposal applied to Brazil

An adequate management of geological heritage by national and regional authorities presupposes the existence of a solid geosites inventory. Unfortunately, this is not the case for many countries. Most often, there is no national inventory at all or the method and criteria used to assess geosites was not adequate. This paper makes an overview of the strengths and weaknesses of the most common procedures to produce a geosite inventory and proposes a methodology particularly adapted for large territories such as Brazil. Nevertheless, this methodological approach can be easily adapted to any other geographical or geological setting, promoting the characterization and conservation of the world's geological heritage.High Level Scholarship Programme of the European Union - Programme AlβanFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)

Comparison of three radiolabelled peptide analogues for CCK-2 receptor scintigraphy in medullary thyroid carcinoma

Purpose: Cholecystokinin 2 (CCK-2) receptor overexpression has been demonstrated in a high percentage of medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC). Analogous to somatostatin receptors, CCK-2 receptors might be viable targets for radionuclide scintigraphy and/or radionuclide therapy. Several CCK-2 receptor-binding radiopeptides have been developed, and some have been carried through into clinical studies. However, these studies are mostly limited and difficult to compare. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of three promising CCK-2 receptor-binding radiopeptides in patients with MTC. Methods: 111In-DOTA-(D)Asp-Tyr-Nle-Gly-Trp-Nle- Asp-Phe-NH2 (111In-DOTA-CCK), a CCK analogue, and the gastrin-based ligands 99mTc-N4-Gly-(D)Glu-(Glu) 5-Ala-Tyr-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2 (99mTc- demogastrin 2) and 111In-DOTA-(D)Glu-Ala-Tyr-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe- NH2 (111In-DOTA-MG11) were each administered to the same group of six patients. Planar images made at 3-5, 7 and 24 h p.i. were used for comparison of tumour visualisation and renal uptake. Results: 99mTc-demogastrin 2 scintigraphy visualised all known lesions and new lesions in four of six patients. 111In-DOTA-CCK and 111In-DOTA-MG11 on the other hand missed several lesions; tumour uptake of these two radiopharmaceuticals was quite low. Comparison of retention of renal activity showed no major differences between the three radiopeptides. Conclusion: 99mTc-demogastrin 2 scintigraphy appeared most promising as a diagnostic tool in patients with MTC. Further studies are required to evaluate its value in patient management. Direct comparisons of the compounds studied strongly suggests that 111In-DOTA-CCK and 111In-DOTA-MG11 have less potential as imaging agents than 99mTc-demogastrin 2. These DOTA-linked compounds are considered unlikely to be useful for radionuclide therapy because of low tumour uptake

The proposal of a GSSP for the Berriasian Stage (Cretaceous System): Part 1.

Here in the first part of this publication we discuss the possibilities for the selection of a GSSP for the Berriasian Stage of the Cretaceous System, based on the established methods for correlation in the Tithonian/Berriasian interval. This will be followed, in the second part, by an account of the stratigraphic evidence that justifies the locality of Tré Maroua (Hautes-Alpes, SE France) as the proposed GSSP. Here we discuss the possibilities for correlation in the historical J/K boundary interval, and the evolution of thinking on the positioning of the boundary over recent generations, and in relation to research in the last ten years. The Tithonian/Berriasian boundary level is accepted as occurring within magnetosubzone M19n.2n. The detailed distribution of calpionellids has been recorded at numerous sites, tied to magnetostratigraphy, and the base of the calpionellid Alpina Zone is taken to define the base of the Berriasian Stage. This is at a level just below the distinctive reversed magnetic subzone M19n.1r (the so-called Brodno reversal). We discuss a wide range of magnetostratigraphic and biostratigraphic data from key localities globally, in the type Berriasian areas of France and wider regions (Le Chouet, Saint Bertrand, Puerto Escaño, Rio Argos, Bosso, Brodno, Kurovice, Theodosia etc.). The characteristic datums that typify the J/K boundary interval in Tethys and its extensions are detailed, and the correlative viability of various fossil groups is discussed. The boundary level is correlated to well-known J/K sections globally, and a series of secondary markers and proxies are indicated which assist wider correlation. Particularly significant are the primary basal Berriasian marker, the base of the Alpina Subzone (marked by dominance of small Calpionella alpina, Crassicollaria parvula and Tintinopsella carpathica) and secondary markers bracketing the base of the Calpionella Zone, notably the FOs of the calcareous nannofossil species Nannoconus wintereri (just below the boundary) and the FO of Nannoconus steinmannii minor (just above). Notable proxies for the boundary are: 1) the base of the Arctoteuthis tehamaensis Zone in boreal and subboreal regions, 2) the dated base of the Alpina Subzone at 140.22 ± 0.14 Ma, which also gives a precise age estimate for the system boundary; and 3) the base of radiolarian “unitary zone” 14, which is situated just above the base of the Alpina Subzone

Radiolabeled CCK/gastrin peptides for imaging and therapy of CCK2 receptor-expressing tumors

Cholecystokinin (CCK) receptors are overexpressed in numerous human cancers, like medullary thyroid carcinomas, small cell lung cancers and stromal ovarian cancers. The specific receptor-binding property of the endogenous ligands for these receptors can be exploited by labeling peptides with a radionuclide and using these as carriers to guide the radioactivity to the tissues that express the receptors. In this way, tumors can be visualized using positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography imaging. A variety of radiolabeled CCK/gastrin-related peptides has been synthesized and characterized for imaging. All peptides have the C-terminal CCK receptor-binding tetrapeptide sequence Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2 in common or derivatives thereof. This review focuses on the development and application of radiolabeled CCK/gastrin peptides for radionuclide imaging and radionuclide therapy of tumors expressing CCK receptors. We discuss both preclinical studies as well as clinical studies with CCK and gastrin peptides