Fundamental investigation of stress corrosion cracking

Two principle areas studied were stress corrosion crack growth rates of a titanium alloy in liquid environments containing halide ions and pitting corrosion of titanium in bromide solutions. Two initial assumptions were made, that the rate of propagation was controlled by a macroscopic solution parameter and that this parameter was viscosity. A series of solutions were prepared using lithium chloride as the solute and water, methanol, glycerin, formic acid, acetone, dimethyl sulphoxide, etc. As solvents, these solutions were prepared with a 5:1 solvent-solute ratio. Viscosity was varied by changing the temperature and it was found: (1) In all solvents the velocity of cracking was proportional to the reciprocal of the viscosity. (2) Each solvent gave a separate relationship, (3) The temperature dependence and numerical values for the apparent activation energy of cracking and viscosity were the same

Stress corrosion cracking of titanium alloys: Studies of cracks in thin specimens; SCC of Ti-6Al-4V in chloride, iodide and fluoride solutions; stress corrosion cracking in molten salts; electrochemistry of freshly generated titanium surfaces

Electrochemistry of freshly generated titanium surfaces and stress corrosion cracking in aqueous solutions and in molten salt

Experimental evidence of strong phonon scattering in isotopical disordered systems: The case of LiH_xD_{1-x} crystals

The observation of the local - mode vibration, the two - mode behavior of the LO phonons at large isotope concentration, as well as large line broadening in LIH - D mixed crystals directly evidence strong additional phonon scattering due to the isotope - induced disorder.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

Heterocyclic synthesis with nitriles: synthesis of pyrazolopyrimidine and pyrazolopyridine derivatives

The reaction of N1-substituted-5-amino-4-cyanopyrazoles with malononitrile and diethylmalonate occurs with formation of 6-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, and pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines respectively. The structures of the products and conceivable mechanisms are discussed.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - SFRH/BPD/31490/2006Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) - POCTI-SFA-3-68

Scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy in the characterization of activated graphite electrodes

Sir: To date there have been many methods described to activate carbon electrodes, including electrochemical treatment (1-1 7), laser irradiation (18-21), radio-frequency (RF) plasma (22), and heat treatment (23-26). These methods were developed empirically, and only now is an understanding of parameters controlling surface activity beginning to emerge (20,27). Electrochemical treatment and laser irradiation are particularly attractive treatments because they are relatively inexpensive, are quick, and can be performed without removing the electrode from solution. Activation, common to these procedures, may be attributable to an increase in the exposed edge plane density, which has been associated with faster kinetics (14,20). Copper deposition in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has shown an increase in the density of localized defects on active surfaces (15); an increase in surface activity is associated with an increase in the density of the localized defects (15). Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), phase detection microscopy, and SEM have also been used to study the effects of electrochemical treatment of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) (13) and glassy carbon (GC) (16,17). These studies have suggested an increase in surface roughness consistent with an increase in the density of exposed edge planes

Modeling and experimental studies of oxide covered metal surfaces: TiO sub 2 /Ti a model system

Prior work in our laboratories at the Corrosion Research Center has shown that thin, anodic TiO{sub 2} films formed by the Slow Growth Mode (SGM) on polycrystalline titanium and microcrystalline with a texture that varies from one metal grain to another. Furthermore, the underlying metal grains are mapped by the photoelectrochemical response of the oxide. The same characteristics have also been demonstrated in our laboratory for ZnO grown on Zn. The TiO{sub 2}/Ti system has been chosen for study both because of its importance in energy systems, and because it can serve as a model system for other metal-metal oxide couples. The investigations of anodic TiO{sub 2} films on Ti have shown that the properties of thin films are consistent with the rutile form of the oxide. Both experimental data and theoretical calculations show the close resemblance to results on single crystal TiO{sub 2}. Furthermore, the modeling studies reveal that the optical transitions near the bandedge arise from the bulk band structure. The photoelectrochemical properties of anodic TiO{sub 2} films have now been shown to obey the simple Gaertner-Butler model for the semiconductor-electrolyte interface, with a few modifications. The most important deviation has now been shown to be a result of multiple internal reflections in the oxide film

Modeling and experimental studies of oxide covered metal surfaces: TiO{sub 2}/Ti a model system. Progress report

Prior work in our laboratories at the Corrosion Research Center has shown that thin, anodic TiO{sub 2} films formed by the Slow Growth Mode (SGM) on polycrystalline titanium and microcrystalline with a texture that varies from one metal grain to another. Furthermore, the underlying metal grains are mapped by the photoelectrochemical response of the oxide. The same characteristics have also been demonstrated in our laboratory for ZnO grown on Zn. The TiO{sub 2}/Ti system has been chosen for study both because of its importance in energy systems, and because it can serve as a model system for other metal-metal oxide couples. The investigations of anodic TiO{sub 2} films on Ti have shown that the properties of thin films are consistent with the rutile form of the oxide. Both experimental data and theoretical calculations show the close resemblance to results on single crystal TiO{sub 2}. Furthermore, the modeling studies reveal that the optical transitions near the bandedge arise from the bulk band structure. The photoelectrochemical properties of anodic TiO{sub 2} films have now been shown to obey the simple Gaertner-Butler model for the semiconductor-electrolyte interface, with a few modifications. The most important deviation has now been shown to be a result of multiple internal reflections in the oxide film