Economics of Federal Irrigation Projects in the Missouri Basin

A greatly expanded Federal program for irrigation development is planned for the Missouri Basin. Under the Flood Control Act of 1944, nearly 5 million acres were proposed for irrigation; and in addition, about half a million acres under irrigation were to receive supplemental water. Nearly one-half of the new irrigation planned was to be located in North and South Dakota. The Missouri-Souris Unit in North Dakota of more than a million acres and the Oahe Unit in South Dakota of three-quarter million acres are the two largest under consideration. Both units are receiving further study to determine the suitability of the soils for irrigation. The irrigation facilities in the Missouri The irrigation facilities in the Missouri Basin would be built and financed largely by the Federal Government. Consequently, certain questions concerning evaluation, accounting of costs, allocations of costs to various purposes, repayments by beneficiaries and similar questions are of public interest. No less important are factors such as the suitability of soils for irrigation, adequacy of water supplies, repayment capacity and related farm problems. However, much less information has been available to the public on some of the over-all economic aspects of the proposed development, and these are the concern of this report. While it is recognized that there are important benefits from irrigation, these are not taken up here because they have been discussed in other reports. (See more in text

Characterization of signaling pathways regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory long form thymic stromal lymphopoietin upon human metapneumovirus infection

Abstract Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is associated with several allergic diseases including asthma. Two isoforms of TSLP exist in humans, a long form (lfTSLP) and a short form (sfTSLP), displaying distinct immunological functions. Recently, TSLP was found to be upregulated in human airway cells upon human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infection, yet it remains unclear if the two isoforms are regulated differently during hMPV infection. Importantly, the molecular mechanisms underlying hMPV-mediated TSLP induction remain undescribed. In this study, we characterized the expression and regulation of TSLP in hMPV-infected human airway cells. We demonstrated that hMPV strongly induced the expression of pro-inflammatory lfTSLP in human airway epithelial cells and lung fibroblasts. Further, knockdown of pattern recognition receptors retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) or Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), as well as downstream signal transducers, abrogated hMPV-mediated lfTSLP induction. Importantly, silencing of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) also impaired hMPV-mediated lfTSLP induction, which could be attributed to compromised NF-κB activation. Overall, these results suggest that TBK1 may be instrumental for hMPV-mediated activation of NF-κB downstream RIG-I and TLR3, leading to a specific induction of lfTSLP in hMPV-infected human airway cells

Purification of milk for calcium and strontium with Dowex-50 resin /

Health and Biology Distribution."Issued August 12, 1954"Sponsored by U.S. Atomic Energy CommissionMode of access: Internet