The AMS-02 Anticoincidence Counter

The AMS-02 detector will measure cosmic rays on the International Space Station. This contribution will cover production, testing, space qualification and integration of the AMS-02 anticoincidence counter. The anticoincidence counter is needed to to assure a clean track reconstruction for the charge determination and to reduce the trigger rate during periods of high flux.Comment: IPRD08 conference proceeding. Will be published in Nuclear Physics B (Proceedings Supplement

Coverage-dependent adsorption sites in the K/Ru(0001) system: a low-energy electron-diffraction analysis

The two ordered phases p(2 × 2) at a coverage θ = 0.25 and (√3 × √3)R30° at θ = 0.33 of potassium adsorbed on Ru(0001) were analyzed by use of low-energy electron-diffraction (LEED). In the (√3 × √3)R30° phase, the K atoms occupy threefold hcp sites, while in the p(2 × 2) phase the fcc site is favoured. In both phases, the K hard-sphere radii are nearly the same and close to the covalent Pauling radius

Oxygen adsorption on the Ru (10 bar 1 0) surface: Anomalous coverage dependence

Oxygen adsorption onto Ru (10 bar 1 0) results in the formation of two ordered overlayers, i.e. a c(2 times 4)-2O and a (2 times 1)pg-2O phase, which were analyzed by low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. In addition, the vibrational properties of these overlayers were studied by high-resolution electron loss spectroscopy. In both phases, oxygen occupies the threefold coordinated hcp site along the densely packed rows on an otherwise unreconstructed surface, i.e. the O atoms are attached to two atoms in the first Ru layer Ru(1) and to one Ru atom in the second layer Ru(2), forming zigzag chains along the troughs. While in the low-coverage c(2 times 4)-O phase, the bond lengths of O to Ru(1) and Ru(2) are 2.08 A and 2.03 A, respectively, corresponding bond lengths in the high-coverage (2 times 1)-2O phase are 2.01 A and 2.04 A (LEED). Although the adsorption energy decreases by 220 meV with O coverage (DFT calculations), we observe experimentally a shortening of the Ru(1)-O bond length with O coverage. This effect could not be reconciled with the present DFT-GGA calculations. The nu(Ru-O) stretch mode is found at 67 meV [c(2 times 4)-2O] and 64 meV [(2 times 1)pg-2O].Comment: 10 pages, figures are available as hardcopies on request by mailing [email protected], submitted to Phys. Rev. B (8. Aug. 97), other related publications can be found at http://www.rz-berlin.mpg.de/th/paper.htm

Low-energy electron diffraction analysis of the structure of a Cs-O/Ru(0001) coadsorbate phase

The structure of the (√3 × √3 )R30° overlayer formed by coadsorption of Cs and O atoms (θCs=θ0=0.33) on a Ru(0001) surface was determined by low-energy electron diffraction. Both adsorbates occupy hcp-type hollow sites. If compared with the structures of the respective pure adsorbate phases, the bond lengths are modified in a way consistent with an effective transfer of electronic charge from Cs to O

Automation of a problem list using natural language processing

BACKGROUND: The medical problem list is an important part of the electronic medical record in development in our institution. To serve the functions it is designed for, the problem list has to be as accurate and timely as possible. However, the current problem list is usually incomplete and inaccurate, and is often totally unused. To alleviate this issue, we are building an environment where the problem list can be easily and effectively maintained. METHODS: For this project, 80 medical problems were selected for their frequency of use in our future clinical field of evaluation (cardiovascular). We have developed an Automated Problem List system composed of two main components: a background and a foreground application. The background application uses Natural Language Processing (NLP) to harvest potential problem list entries from the list of 80 targeted problems detected in the multiple free-text electronic documents available in our electronic medical record. These proposed medical problems drive the foreground application designed for management of the problem list. Within this application, the extracted problems are proposed to the physicians for addition to the official problem list. RESULTS: The set of 80 targeted medical problems selected for this project covered about 5% of all possible diagnoses coded in ICD-9-CM in our study population (cardiovascular adult inpatients), but about 64% of all instances of these coded diagnoses. The system contains algorithms to detect first document sections, then sentences within these sections, and finally potential problems within the sentences. The initial evaluation of the section and sentence detection algorithms demonstrated a sensitivity and positive predictive value of 100% when detecting sections, and a sensitivity of 89% and a positive predictive value of 94% when detecting sentences. CONCLUSION: The global aim of our project is to automate the process of creating and maintaining a problem list for hospitalized patients and thereby help to guarantee the timeliness, accuracy and completeness of this information

An appeal for strengthening genomic pathogen surveillance to improve pandemic preparedness and infection prevention: the German perspective

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted the importance of viable infection surveillance and the relevant infrastructure. From a German perspective, an integral part of this infrastructure, genomic pathogen sequencing, was at best fragmentary and stretched to its limits due to the lack or inefficient use of equipment, human resources, data management and coordination. The experience in other countries has shown that the rate of sequenced positive samples and linkage of genomic and epidemiological data (person, place, time) represent important factors for a successful application of genomic pathogen surveillance. Planning, establishing and consistently supporting adequate structures for genomic pathogen surveillance will be crucial to identify and combat future pandemics as well as other challenges in infectious diseases such as multi-drug resistant bacteria and healthcare-associated infections. Therefore, the authors propose a multifaceted and coordinated process for the definition of procedural, legal and technical standards for comprehensive genomic pathogen surveillance in Germany, covering the areas of genomic sequencing, data collection and data linkage, as well as target pathogens. A comparative analysis of the structures established in Germany and in other countries is applied. This proposal aims to better tackle epi- and pandemics to come and take action from the “lessons learned” from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Defining failed induction of labor

BACKGROUND: While there are well-accepted standards for the diagnosis of arrested active-phase labor, the definition of a "failed" induction of labor remains less certain. One approach to diagnosing a failed induction is based on the duration of the latent phase. However, a standard for the minimum duration that the latent phase of a labor induction should continue, absent acute maternal or fetal indications for cesarean delivery, remains lacking. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes as a function of the duration of the latent phase among nulliparous women undergoing labor induction. METHODS: This study is based on data from an obstetric cohort of women delivering at 25 U.S. hospitals from 2008-2011. Nulliparous women who had a term singleton gestation in the cephalic presentation were eligible for this analysis if they underwent a labor induction. Consistent with prior studies, the latent phase was determined to begin once cervical ripening had ended, oxytocin was initiated and rupture of membranes (ROM) had occurred, and was determined to end once 5 cm dilation was achieved. The frequencies of cesarean delivery, as well as of adverse maternal (e.g., cesarean delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, chorioamnionitis) and perinatal outcomes (e.g., a composite frequency of either seizures, sepsis, bone or nerve injury, encephalopathy, or death), were compared as a function of the duration of the latent phase (analyzed with time both as a continuous measure and categorized in 3-hour increments). RESULTS: A total of 10,677 women were available for analysis. In the vast majority (96.4%) of women, the active phase had been reached by 15 hours. The longer the duration of a woman's latent phase, the greater her chance of ultimately undergoing a cesarean delivery (P<0.001, for time both as a continuous and categorical independent variable), although more than forty percent of women whose latent phase lasted for 18 or more hours still had a vaginal delivery. Several maternal morbidities, such as postpartum hemorrhage (P < 0.001) and chorioamnionitis (P < 0.001), increased in frequency as the length of latent phase increased. Conversely, the frequencies of most adverse perinatal outcomes were statistically stable over time. CONCLUSION: The large majority of women undergoing labor induction will have entered the active phase by 15 hours after oxytocin has started and rupture of membranes has occurred. Maternal adverse outcomes become statistically more frequent with greater time in the latent phase, although the absolute increase in frequency is relatively small. These data suggest that cesarean delivery should not be undertaken during the latent phase prior to at least 15 hours after oxytocin and rupture of membranes have occurred. The decision to continue labor beyond this point should be individualized, and may take into account factors such as other evidence of labor progress

Reciprocal priming between receptor tyrosine kinases at recycling endosomes orchestrates cellular signalling outputs

From Wiley via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: received 2020-10-29, rev-recd 2021-04-27, accepted 2021-04-28, pub-electronic 2021-06-04Article version: VoRPublication status: PublishedFunder: Wellcome Trust; Grant(s): 107636/Z/15/Z, 210002/Z/17/ZFunder: UKRI | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000268; Grant(s): BB/R015864/1, BB/M011208/1Funder: UKRI | Medical Research Council (MRC); Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000265; Grant(s): MR/T016043/1Funder: Cancer Research UK (CRUK); Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000289; Grant(s): A27445Funder: NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre; Grant(s): IS‐BRC‐1215‐20007Funder: Breast Cancer Now; Grant(s): MAN‐Q2‐Y4/5Abstract: Integration of signalling downstream of individual receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is crucial to fine‐tune cellular homeostasis during development and in pathological conditions, including breast cancer. However, how signalling integration is regulated and whether the endocytic fate of single receptors controls such signalling integration remains poorly elucidated. Combining quantitative phosphoproteomics and targeted assays, we generated a detailed picture of recycling‐dependent fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling in breast cancer cells, with a focus on distinct FGF receptors (FGFRs). We discovered reciprocal priming between FGFRs and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) that is coordinated at recycling endosomes. FGFR recycling ligands induce EGFR phosphorylation on threonine 693. This phosphorylation event alters both FGFR and EGFR trafficking and primes FGFR‐mediated proliferation but not cell invasion. In turn, FGFR signalling primes EGF‐mediated outputs via EGFR threonine 693 phosphorylation. This reciprocal priming between distinct families of RTKs from recycling endosomes exemplifies a novel signalling integration hub where recycling endosomes orchestrate cellular behaviour. Therefore, targeting reciprocal priming over individual receptors may improve personalized therapies in breast and other cancers

Sorption, sorption kinetics and diffusion of pyridine in zeolites

In situ FTIR spectroscopy was used to monitor the sorption and desorption kinetics of pyridine into and out of microporous materials such as mordenite, ZSM-5 and silicalite. A previously described experimental technique and method of evaluation, which had been successfully used to study sorption and sorption kinetics of aromatics in H-ZSM-5, was now employed for the investigation of the behavior of pyridine. A modification of the original flow-through IR cell, however, was necessary to provide better resistance to and handling at higher sorption temperatures. Sorption and desorption of pyridine was measured through the intensity changes of the IR bands typical of sorbed pyridine. At sufficiently high temperatures (525–575 K), the uptake of pyridine even into strongly acidic hydrogen mordenite (H-MOR) and H-ZSM-5 could be monitored and formally described by a solution of Fick's second law using uniform diffusion coefficients for the whole sorption processes, i.e. D=1×10−12 and D=6×10−11 cm2 s−1 for H-MOR (at 525 K) and H-ZSM-5 (at 575 K), respectively. The process was, however, not reversible, i.e. no `random walk' of the sorbate molecules occurred. Therefore, it was tentatively assumed that the slow transport of pyridine into the micropores is the rate-determining step, which may indeed be described as a diffusion, but followed by a rapid reaction with the acidic Brönsted and/or Lewis sites. The reaction step is, at the temperatures applied, almost irreversible. By contrast, with less strongly acidic sorbents such as Li-ZSM-5 and Na-ZSM-5, pyridine sorption was found to be reversible, the diffusivities determined at 575 K amounted to 8×10−12 and 2×10−11 cm2 s−1, respectively. In the case of pyridine/silicalite, reversibility was observed as well. Pyridine in silicalite showed a diffusion behavior similar to that of benzene in H-ZSM-5, exhibiting a Darken-corrected diffusivity of about 5×10−10 cm2 s−1 at 395 K. In fact, the isosteric heats of adsorption of pyridine in Li-ZSM-5 and Na-ZSM-5 were determined to 195–155 kJ mol−1 and 120 kJ mol−1 and were thus significantly higher than those previously measured for benzene in H-ZSM-5 (65±5 kJ mol−1)