Search for Antimatter in Space with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) is a state of the art particle physics experiment for the extraterrestrial study of antimatter, matter and missing matter. AMS successfully completed the precursor STS91 Discovery flight (June 2nd-12th, 1998), completing 152 orbits at 52 degrees of latitude and about 400 km of height, collecting more than 100 million CR events. In this paper we report on the first flight experience and we present preliminary results on the search for nuclear antimatter. No antimatter nuclei with Z>=2 were detected. We obtain a model dependent upper limit on the anti-He /He flux <1.14 10^^-6 In the rigidity region between 1.6 to 20 GV we obtain a model independent, conservative upper limit on anti-He /He flux <1.7 10^^-6 and <2.8 10^^-5 for Z>2, improving the results of previous published searches performed with stratospheric balloons.Comment: 1 tex file, 15 pages, 11 figures ps.gz file

Production networks and failure avalanches

Although standard economics textbooks are seldom interested in production networks, modern economies are more and more based upon suppliers/customers interactions. One can consider entire sectors of the economy as generalised supply chains. We will take this view in the present paper and study under which conditions local failures to produce or simply to deliver can result in avalanches of shortage and bankruptcies across the network. We will show that a large class of models exhibit scale free distributions of production and wealth among firms and that metastable regions of high production are highly localised