Three dimensional modeling via photographs for documentation of a village bath

24th International CIPA Symposium; Strasbourg; France; 2 September 2013 through 6 September 2013The aim of this study is supporting the conceptual discussions of architectural restoration with three dimensional modeling of monuments based on photogrammetric survey. In this study, a 16th century village bath in Ulamiş, Seferihisar, and Izmir is modeled for documentation. Ulamiş is one of the historical villages within which Turkish population first settled in the region of Seferihisar - Urla. The methodology was tested on an antique monument; a bath with a cubical form. Within the limits of this study, only the exterior of the bath was modeled. The presentation scale for the bath was determined as 1 / 50, considering the necessities of designing structural interventions and architectural ones within the scope of a restoration project. The three dimensional model produced is a realistic document presenting the present situation of the ruin. Traditional plan, elevation and perspective drawings may be produced from the model, in addition to the realistic textured renderings and wireframe representations. The model developed in this study provides opportunity for presenting photorealistic details of historical morphologies in scale. Compared to conventional drawings, the renders based on the 3d models provide an opportunity for conceiving architectural details such as color, material and texture. From these documents, relatively more detailed restitution hypothesis can be developed and intervention decisions can be taken. Finally, the principles derived from the case study can be used for 3d documentation of historical structures with irregular surfaces

Variational Principles for Stellar Structure

The four equations of stellar structure are reformulated as two alternate pairs of variational principles. Different thermodynamic representations lead to the same hydromechanical equations, but the thermal equations require, not the entropy, but the temperature as the thermal field variable. Our treatment emphasizes the hydrostatic energy and the entropy production rate of luminosity produced and transported. The conceptual and calculational advantages of integral over differential formulations of stellar structure are discussed along with the difficulties in describing stellar chemical evolution by variational principles.Comment: 28 pages, LaTeX, requires AASTeX, 1 PostScript figure, revisions: erratum; accepted by Astrophysical Journa

Rapid Objective Testing of Visual Function Matched to the ETDRS Grid and Its Diagnostic Power in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Purpose: To study the power of an 80-second multifocal pupillographic objective perimetry (mfPOP) test tailored to the ETDRS grid to diagnose age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) severity grade. Design: Evaluation of a diagnostic technology. Methods: We compared diagnostic power of acuity, ETDRS grid retinal thickness data, new 80-second M18 mfPOP test, and two wider-field 6-minute mfPOP tests (Macular-P131, Widefield-P129). The M18 stimuli match the size and shape of bifurcated ETDRS grid regions, allowing easy structure–function comparisons. M18, P129, and P131 stimuli test both eyes concurrently. We recruited 34 patients with early-stage AMD with a mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of 72.6 ± 7.06 years. The M18 and P129 plus P131 stimuli had 26 and 51 control participants, respectively with mean ± SD ages of 73.1 ± 8.17 years and 72.1 ± 5.83 years, respectively. Multifocal pupillographic objective perimetry testing used the Food and Drug Administration-cleared Objective FIELD Analyzer (OFA; Konan Medical USA). Main Outcome Measures: Percentage area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) and Hedge's g effect size. Results: Acuity and OCT ETDRS grid thickness and volume produced reasonable diagnostic power (percentage AUC) for AREDS grade 4 eyes at 83.9 ± 9.98% and 90.2 ± 6.32% (mean ± standard error), respectively, but not for eyes with less severe disease. By contrast, M18 stimuli produced percentage AUCs from 72.8 ± 6.65% (AREDS grade 2) to 92.9 ± 3.93% (AREDS grade 4), and 82.9 ± 3.71% for all eyes. Hedge's g effect sizes ranged from 0.84 to 2.32 (large to huge). Percentage AUC for P131 stimuli performed similarly and for P129 performed somewhat less well. Conclusions: The rapid and objective M18 test provided diagnostic power comparable with that of wider-field 6-minute mfPOP tests. Unlike acuity or OCT ETDRS grid data, OFA tests produced reasonable diagnostic power in AREDS grade 1 to 3 eyes.</p

Language and scientific communication: The case of the reprint request

This paper reports on a study of Reprint Requests (RRs). It is estimated that tens of millions of RRs are mailed each year, most being triggered by Current Contents . A sample of RRs generated by three papers, plus a questionnaire-survey of the requesters for one paper, form the basis of this study into language use patterns in the RR genre. English is ubiquitous, German and French infrequent, Russian and Spanish rare. This language data is significant because it provides unit-level language decision making (as opposed to that at other levels). Various applications of RR research are discussed, including its relevance to the issue of “Third World Science”.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/43668/1/11192_2005_Article_BF02017177.pd

Measuring the Potential Power Elite in the UK and Sweden

This paper proposes a methodology for using survey data to understand the composition of elites, through analysing the pool of potential members. An occupational-based measure of &lsquo;potential power elite' (PPE) is created and compared with other measures of occupational advantage. It is argued that this measure can be utilised to explore if the processes causing certain social groups to be under-represented in elite positions are around selection or the population recruited from. We provide analysis of elite positions in the UK and Sweden, demonstrating differences in terms of the potential pool of elite members and the occupational histories of people of those employed in roles associated with elite recruitment. We argue that understanding the composition of the PPE provides a more nuanced analysis of the processes of meritocracy in accessing positions of power and social influence

Parental social class and school GCSE outcomes:Two decades of evidence from UK household panel surveys

This paper investigates social class inequalities in English school qualifications. The analytical focus is pupils’ outcomes in General Certificates of Secondary Education (GCSEs). The original aspect of this paper is the operationalisation of data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) and the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS), which facilitates analyses from 1991 to 2013. We observe a general trend of improved educational outcomes in more recent cohorts of school pupils, which is consistent with national results. The central empirical finding is that there is a persistent social class gradient. Pupils growing up in families in less advantaged social classes have less favourable school GCSE outcomes. This is especially concerning, because having fewer good GCSEs is likely to limit children’s participation in more advanced education and restrict their options in the labour market. Changes in the structure and content of GCSEs lead us to conjecture that sociological analyses of social class inequalities in school qualifications will continue to be important. We highlight the limitations of using administrative educational data, and we outline the data resources that would better facilitate the study of social class inequalities