Between the Old and the New. Methods of Modernizing the Public Space

The main aim of the article is to present several of the most important patterns of modernization of the urban space in Warsaw in the post-1989 period, with particular emphasis on the different ways of treating the objects typical of late modernism, also called socmodernism, in the Third Reich. The reflections refer to the four types of social change identified in the context of historical institutionalism: survival and return; reproduction by adaptation; gradual transformation; breakdown and replacement. The author for his part distinguishes four general and seven more specific modernization options and shows their different urban-architectural examples, being present in Warsaw public spac

The Shaping of Urban Space as A Microcosm of Public Policy. the Case for Warsaw

The subject of the article are some of the relationships and analogies between urban space shaping and public policy making in the broad sense, both on the city (here Warsaw as a case study) and general, nationwide scale. It seems reasonable to claim that the state of public space in the physical sense to a large extent depends on the dominating concept and the performance of public policy pursued at different levels. But, vice versa, as well, i.e. the latter is often the product or in some sense reflects the established patterns of attitudes towards public places available and generally attended to, e.g. in an urban environment

Metamorphoses of the Public Domain and Their Janus-Faced Social Consequences

The aim of the article is to show some trends in contemporary transformation of the public domain, and draw attention to certain analogies that occur between changes in the urban space and social modernization processes taking place at a wider, nationwide scale. In addition to the introduction and the conclusion, the text consists of two main parts: dedicated to theoretical considerations and empirical findings. The first part presents more general issues concerning the nature and significance of the urban public space and ways of interfering in its shape, taking into account in particular the phenomena referred to as revitalization (urban renewal) and gentrification. In the second part, for illustrative exemplification, three specific cases of modernizing impacts of various nature and effects that took place in recent years in Warsaw were briefly discussed.&nbsp

Isomers and odor or nose as stereochemist

Nasz zmysł powonienia jest w stanie rozpoznać wiele zapachów, które pozornie są bardzo do siebie podobne. Dzięki temu, że receptory węchowe są w pewien sposób selektywne możliwe jest ozróżnienie zapachów zarówno enancjomerycznych par lotnych substancji jak i innych stereoizomerów. W niniejszej pracy przedstawione zostały różnice i podobieństwa właściwości pachowych izomerów przestrzennych. Przedstawione związki charakteryzują się odmiennym zapachem oraz intensywnością ale są również takie, gdzie zmiana dotyczy tylko jednej z tych cech.Our sense of smell is able to recognize a variety of scents, which apparently are very similar. Thus olfactory receptors that are in some way it is possible to distinguish selective enantiomeric pairs fragrances and other volatile substances stereoisomers. This paper presents the differences and similarities odor characteristics of spatial isomers. The compounds are characterized by a different odor and intensity but also those where the change affects only one feature

Around Theoretical Challenges in the Sciences of Public Policy. Discussion

There are also theoretical issues such as: adequacy of this discipline of knowledge to the analysis of the realities of public action in Poland. This issue arises due to the fact that public policy emerged as a discipline of knowledge in the Anglo-Saxon tradition, on the basis of its specificity. Moreover, the theories evident in public policy science have been developed in the West, mainly in America. The local realities were the basis. Therefore, the question arises whether we should build our theories or adapt those that have been developed elsewhere. Meanwhile, we do not have many or even most elements of the Anglo-Saxon tradition, even in terms of the size of our analytical achievements. We are not even inclined to conduct such an advanced analysis of social and economic phenomena. Hence, it seems important to me to ask about the theoretical potential of this discipline in relation to the analysis of public activities in Poland

Evaluating the Madeiran wheat germplasm for aluminum resistance using aluminium-induced callose formation in root apices as a marker

Aluminum (Al) resistance of 57 Madeiran wheat cultivars was evaluated using callose content in root tips and root elongation as markers. Al induced callose formation was a very sensitive indicator of Al damage detecting wide range of genotypic differences existing in the Madeiran wheat germplasm. A weak, yet positive correlation (R2=0.285, P<0.05) between callose content and root elongation was found