2,179 research outputs found
Lower Bounds on Mutual Information
We correct claims about lower bounds on mutual information (MI) between
real-valued random variables made in A. Kraskov {\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. E {\bf
69}, 066138 (2004). We show that non-trivial lower bounds on MI in terms of
linear correlations depend on the marginal (single variable) distributions.
This is so in spite of the invariance of MI under reparametrizations, because
linear correlations are not invariant under them. The simplest bounds are
obtained for Gaussians, but the most interesting ones for practical purposes
are obtained for uniform marginal distributions. The latter can be enforced in
general by using the ranks of the individual variables instead of their actual
values, in which case one obtains bounds on MI in terms of Spearman correlation
coefficients. We show with gene expression data that these bounds are in
general non-trivial, and the degree of their (non-)saturation yields valuable
insight.Comment: 4 page
Evolving Newton's Constant, Extended Gravity Theories and SnIa Data Analysis
If Newton's constant G evolves on cosmological timescales as predicted by
extended gravity theories then Type Ia supernovae (SnIa) can not be treated as
standard candles. The magnitude-redshift datasets however can still be useful.
They can be used to simultaneously fit for both H(z) and G(z) (so that local
G(z) constraints are also satisfied) in the context of appropriate
parametrizations. Here we demonstrate how can this analysis be done by applying
it to the Gold SnIa dataset. We compare the derived effective equation of state
parameter w(z) at best fit with the corresponding result obtained by neglecting
the evolution G(z). We show that even though the results clearly differ from
each other, in both cases the best fit w(z) crosses the phantom divide w=-1. We
then attempt to reconstruct a scalar tensor theory that predicts the derived
best fit forms of H(z) and G(z). Since the best fit G(z) fixes the scalar
tensor potential evolution F(z), there is no ambiguity in the reconstruction
and the potential U(z) can be derived uniquely. The particular reconstructed
scalar tensor theory however, involves a change of sign of the kinetic term
as in the minimally coupled case.Comment: Minor changes. Accepted in Phys. Rev. D. 7 revtex pages, 5 figures.
The mathematica file with the numerical analysis of the paper is available at
http://leandros.physics.uoi.gr/snevol.ht
The Statistics of Crumpled Paper
A statistical study of crumpled paper is allowed by a minimal 1D model: a
self-avoiding line bent at sharp angles -- in which resides the elastic energy
-- put in a confining potential. Many independent equilibrium configurations
are generated numerically and their properties are investigated. At small
confinement, the distribution of segment lengths is log-normal in agreement
with previous predictions and experiments. At high confinement, the system
approaches a jammed state with a critical behavior, whereas the length
distribution follows a Gamma law which parameter is predicted as a function of
the number of layers in the system
Optimal control technique for Many Body Quantum Systems dynamics
We present an efficient strategy for controlling a vast range of
non-integrable quantum many body one-dimensional systems that can be merged
with state-of-the-art tensor network simulation methods like the density Matrix
Renormalization Group. To demonstrate its potential, we employ it to solve a
major issue in current optical-lattice physics with ultra-cold atoms: we show
how to reduce by about two orders of magnitudes the time needed to bring a
superfluid gas into a Mott insulator state, while suppressing defects by more
than one order of magnitude as compared to current experiments [1]. Finally, we
show that the optimal pulse is robust against atom number fluctuations.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, published versio
Conductivity and scattering in graphene bilayers: Numerically exact results versus Boltzmann approach
Interpreting the High Frequency QPO Power Spectra of Accreting Black Holes
In the context of a relativistic hot spot model, we investigate different
physical mechanisms to explain the behavior of quasi-periodic oscillations
(QPOs) from accreting black holes. The locations and amplitudes of the QPO
peaks are determined by the ray-tracing calculations presented in Schnittman &
Bertschinger (2004a): the black hole mass and angular momentum give the
geodesic coordinate frequencies, while the disk inclination and the hot spot
size, shape, and overbrightness give the amplitudes of the different peaks. In
this paper additional features are added to the existing model to explain the
broadening of the QPO peaks as well as the damping of higher frequency
harmonics in the power spectrum. We present a number of analytic results that
closely agree with more detailed numerical calculations. Four primary pieces
are developed: the addition of multiple hot spots with random phases, a finite
width in the distribution of geodesic orbits, Poisson sampling of the detected
photons, and the scattering of photons from the hot spot through a corona of
hot electrons around the black hole. Finally, the complete model is used to fit
the observed power spectra of both type A and type B QPOs seen in XTE
J1550-564, giving confidence limits on each of the model parameters.Comment: 30 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Ap
Pulling adsorbed polymers from surfaces with the AFM: stick versus slip, peeling versus gliding
We consider the response of an adsorbed polymer that is pulled by an AFM
within a simple geometric framework. We separately consider the cases of i)
fixed polymer-surface contact point, ii) sticky case where the polymer is
peeled off from the substrate, and iii) slippery case where the polymer glides
over the surface. The resultant behavior depends on the value of the surface
friction coefficient and the adsorption strength. Our resultant force profiles
in principle allow to extract both from non-equilibrium force-spectroscopic
data.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures; accepted for publication in Europhys. Lett.,
http://www.edpsciences.org/journal/index.cfm?edpsname=ep
Random matrix description of decaying quantum systems
This contribution describes a statistical model for decaying quantum systems
(e.g. photo-dissociation or -ionization). It takes the interference between
direct and indirect decay processes explicitely into account. The resulting
expressions for the partial decay amplitudes and the corresponding cross
sections may be considered a many-channel many-resonance generalization of
Fano's original work on resonance lineshapes [Phys. Rev 124, 1866 (1961)].
A statistical (random matrix) model is then introduced. It allows to describe
chaotic scattering systems with tunable couplings to the decay channels. We
focus on the autocorrelation function of the total (photo) cross section, and
we find that it depends on the same combination of parameters, as the
Fano-parameter distribution. These combinations are statistical variants of the
one-channel Fano parameter. It is thus possible to study Fano interference
(i.e. the interference between direct and indirect decay paths) on the basis of
the autocorrelation function, and thereby in the regime of overlapping
resonances. It allows us, to study the Fano interference in the limit of
strongly overlapping resonances, where we find a persisting effect on the level
of the weak localization correction.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figure
Infinite qubit rings with maximal nearest neighbor entanglement: the Bethe ansatz solution
We search for translationally invariant states of qubits on a ring that
maximize the nearest neighbor entanglement. This problem was initially studied
by O'Connor and Wootters [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 63}, 052302 (2001)]. We first map
the problem to the search for the ground state of a spin 1/2 Heisenberg XXZ
model. Using the exact Bethe ansatz solution in the limit of an infinite ring,
we prove the correctness of the assumption of O'Connor and Wootters that the
state of maximal entanglement does not have any pair of neighboring spins
``down'' (or, alternatively spins ``up''). For sufficiently small fixed
magnetization, however, the assumption does not hold: we identify the region of
magnetizations for which the states that maximize the nearest neighbor
entanglement necessarily contain pairs of neighboring spins ``down''.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures; Eq. (45) and Fig. 3 corrected, no qualitative
change in conclusion
Functional renormalization group for Luttinger liquids with impurities
We improve the recently developed functional renormalization group (fRG) for
impurities and boundaries in Luttinger liquids by including renormalization of
the two-particle interaction, in addition to renormalization of the impurity
potential. Explicit flow-equations are derived for spinless lattice fermions
with nearest neighbor interaction at zero temperature, and a fast algorithm for
solving these equations for very large systems is presented. We compute
spectral properties of single-particle excitations, and the oscillations in the
density profile induced by impurities or boundaries for chains with up to
1000000 lattice sites. The expected asymptotic power-laws at low energy or long
distance are fully captured by the fRG. Results on the relevant energy scales
and crossover phenomena at intermediate scales are also obtained. A comparison
with numerical density matrix renormalization results for systems with up to
1000 sites shows that the fRG with the inclusion of vertex renormalization is
remarkably accurate even for intermediate interaction strengths.Comment: 35 pages, 16 figures, revised version as publishe
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