An atlas of ECMWF analyses (1980-1987). Part 1: First moment quantities

This document is an atlas of the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) initialized analyses for 1980 to 1987. Various first moment quantities are presented for monthly, seasonal, and annual averages on a global cylindrical projection, as well as, cross section maps of zonal averages. Global maps of winds, temperature, stream function, and velocity potential are presented at 850 and 200 mb. In addition, global maps of the 300 mb height field (total and eddy), the 500 mb vertical velocity, the 850 mb moisture field, and sea level pressure are presented. The average seasonal cycle and anomalies during the 8 year period are presented for selected quantities

Quantum correlations versus Multisimultaneity: an experimental test

Multisimultaneity is a causal model of relativistic quantum physics which assigns a real time ordering to any set of events, much in the spirit of the pilot-wave picture. Contrary to standard quantum mechanics, it predicts a disappearance of the correlations in a Bell-type experiment when both analysers are in relative motion such that, each one in its own inertial reference frame, is first to select the output of the photons. We tested this prediction using acousto-optic modulators as moving beam-splitters and interferometers separated by 55 m. We didn't observe any disappearance of the correlations, thus refuting Multisimultaneity.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, RevTex 4 versio

Quantum entanglement with acousto-optic modulators: 2-photon beatings and Bell experiments with moving beamsplitters

We present an experiment testing quantum correlations with frequency shifted photons. We test Bell inequality with 2-photon interferometry where we replace the beamsplitters by acousto-optic modulators, which are equivalent to moving beamsplitters. We measure the 2-photon beatings induced by the frequency shifts, and we propose a cryptographic scheme in relation. Finally, setting the experiment in a relativistic configuration, we demonstrate that the quantum correlations are not only independent of the distance but also of the time ordering between the two single-photon measurements.Comment: 14 pages, 16 figure

Phosphoregulation on mitochondria: Integration of cell and organelle responses

Mitochondria are highly integrated organelles that are crucial to cell adaptation and mitigating adverse physiology. Recent studies demonstrate that fundamental signal transduction pathways incorporate mitochondrial substrates into their biological programs. Reversible phosphorylation is emerging as a useful mechanism to modulate mitochondrial function in accordance with cellular changes. Critical serine/threonine protein kinases, such as the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), protein kinase A (PKA), PTEN‐induced kinase‐1 (PINK1), and AMP‐dependent protein kinase (AMPK), readily translocate to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM), the interface of mitochondria‐cell communication. OMM protein kinases phosphorylate diverse mitochondrial substrates that have discrete effects on organelle dynamics, protein import, respiratory complex activity, antioxidant capacity, and apoptosis. OMM phosphorylation events can be tempered through the actions of local protein phosphatases, such as mitogen‐activated protein kinase phosphatase‐1 (MKP‐1) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), to regulate the extent and duration of signaling. The central mediators of OMM signal transduction are the scaffold proteins because the relative abundance of these accessory proteins determines the magnitude and duration of a signaling event on the mitochondrial surface, which dictates the biological outcome of a local signal transduction pathway. The concentrations of scaffold proteins, such as A‐kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) and Sab (or SH3 binding protein 5—SH3BP5), have been shown to influence neuronal survival and vulnerability, respectively, in models of Parkinson\u27s disease (PD), highlighting the importance of OMM signaling to health and disease. Despite recent progress, much remains to be discovered concerning the mechanisms of OMM signaling. Nonetheless, enhancing beneficial OMM signaling events and inhibiting detrimental protein‐protein interactions on the mitochondrial surface may represent highly selective approaches to restore mitochondrial health and homeostasis and mitigate organelle dysfunction in conditions such as PD

A review of geological effects and damage distribution of the June 9, 1980 Mexicali Valley Earthquake

The June 9, 1980 earthquake (M_L = 6.1) occurred on the Cerro Prieto fault located in the Mexicali Valley (Figure 8.1). A day and a half after the event, the area was inspected both from the air and on the ground. The aim of the aerial reconnaissance was to obtain evidence of possible slippage of the Cerro Prieto fault as well as other phenomena related to the earthquake

Le bassin versant du fleuve Santa (Andes du Pérou) : dynamique des écoulements en contexte glacio-pluvio-nival

Au debout des années 70 les chercheurs de différents pays ont détecté des variations climatiques qu'ils ont appelé « changement climatique », lesquelles se manifestent par des variations des températures, du cycle de l'eau, du niveau de la mer, un recul accéléré des glaciers, etc. Afin d'évaluer ce changement climatique le programme de l'environnement des Nations Unies a créé pendant l'année 1988 le « Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change » (IPCC en anglais). Cette Institution a évalué le changement climatique et ses conséquences au niveau planétaire. Le Pérou pays entièrement situé en Amérique du Sud dans la région intropicale subit directement les effets de cette variation climatique. Le Pérou concentre presque 70% des glaciers tropicaux de la planète. Au nord de la ville de Lima se situe le bassin versant du fleuve Santa qui, avec une surface englacée de 631 km² représente presque un tiers de toutes les surfaces englacées du Pérou. Ce bassin draine une partie de la Cordillère Blanche « Cordillère Blanca ». Les glaciers de cette Cordillère présentent un recul qui s'est accéléré durant les 30 dernières années. Des photos aériennes de 1970 et les images satellites SPOT 3 et 5 pour les années 1991 et 2003 ont permis de quantifier la perte de masse glaciaire de la Cordillère Blanche. L'unité GREAT-ICE de l'Institut de Rechercher pour le Développement (IRD), le Service National de Météorologie et hydrologie du Pérou (SENAMHI) et l'Institut des Ressources Naturelles du Pérou (INRENA) ont signé une convention de coopération à partir de l'année 2000 (reconduite en 2004) afin de suivre l'évolution des glaciers et de la ressource en eau qui en dépend. C'est dans le cadre de cette coopération que j'étudie l'avenir de la ressource en eau de la partie amont (sur les 2000 premiers mètres à partir des crêtes) des sub - bassins versants englacés de la cordillère Blanche. Ce travail a permis d'établir une modélisation de la ressource en eau issue de la fusion glaciaire, tenant compte des écoulements liés de la précipitation liquide sur la zone non englacée. Cette modélisation travaille suivant 2 scénarios A2 et B2 du changement climatique proposés pour l'IPCC utilisant différents modèles de circulation général du couple atmosphère-Océans (AOGCM)(Résumé d'auteur