Renormalization Group Running of Dimension-Six Sources of Parity and Time-Reversal Violation

We perform a systematic study of flavor-diagonal parity- and time-reversal-violating operators of dimension six which could arise from physics beyond the SM. We begin at the unknown high-energy scale where these operators originate. At this scale the operators are constrained by gauge invariance which has important consequences for the form of effective operators at lower energies. In particular for the four-quark operators. We calculate one-loop QCD and, when necessary, electroweak corrections to the operators and evolve them down to the electroweak scale and subsequently to hadronic scales. We find that for most operators QCD corrections are not particularly significant. We derive a set of operators at low energy which is expected to dominate hadronic and nuclear EDMs due to physics beyond the SM and obtain quantitative relations between these operators and the original dimension-six operators at the high-energy scale. We use the limit on the neutron EDM to set bounds on the dimension-six operators.Comment: Matches published version, 35 pages, 6 figures, minor correction

Chemical composition of the humus layer, mineral soil and soil solution of 150 forest stands in the Netherlands in 1990

A nationwide assessment of the chemical composition of the humus layer, mineral topsoil (0-30 cm) and soil solution in both topsoil and subsoil (60-100 cm) was made for 150 forest stands in the year 1990. The stands, which were part of the national forest inventory on vitality, included seven tree species and were all located on non-calcareous sandy soils. Results show increased levels of nitrogen, aluminium, lead and cadmium in at least one of the various soil compartments, indicating the occurrenceof eutrophication, acidification and heavy-metal pollution. Tree species and stand characteristics, such as tree height and canopy coverage, appear to have the largest effect on the concentration level of the various chemical parameters by influencing the input by atmospheric deposition. The various assessments allowed the calculation of various parameters related to aluminium dissolution, cation exchange and phosphate adsorption, to be used in simulation models

Evaluation of the impact of low versus high resolution data on nitrous oxide emissions from a rural landscape

We compared N2O emission results of the simple process based model INITIATOR, using landscape scale data, national scale data and European scale data. All three methods where applied to the Noordelijke Friese Wouden. Abstract about a research project

Chemical composition of the humus layer, mineral soil and soil solution of 200 forest stands in the Netherlands in 1995

A nationwide assessment of the chemical composition of the soil solid phase and the soil solution in the humus layer and two mineral layers (0-10 cm and 10-30 cm) was made for 200 forest stands in the year 1995. The stands were part of the national forest inventory on vitality, included seven tree species and were all located on non-calcareous sandy soils. The soils are nearly all characterized by high nitrogen and metal contents in the humus layer ans low pH and base saturation values in the minerallayer, indicating the occurrence of eutrophication, acidification and heavy metal pollution. Of those stands, 124 were also sampled and analysed in 1990. Compared with 1990, results for the humus layer show a decrease (release) in nitrogen and metal contents and pools, and a decrease in total and exchangeable pools of base cations, combined with increase in hydrogen saturation. This indicates a decrease in eutrophication but an ongoing acidification. The soil solution, however, shows a decrease in Al/Caand NH4/K ratios, implying a slight recovery from acidification. For the mineral soil, the changes in element pools are too unreliable to draw any distinct conclusion

A semi-empirical dynamic soil acidification model for use in spatially explicit integrated assessment models for Europe

A semi-empirical soil acidification model was developed for use in integrated assessment models on a European scale. The model simulates the time development of base saturation and aluminium concentration using an empirical relationship with pH. An accompanying data set was developed by overlaying European maps of soils, land use, climate and altitude followed by a procedure that aggragates the input data over soil-texture combinations in each EMEP 150 km x 150 km grid cell. Model tests show that themodel gives results comparable to the SMART model, although it overestimates initial base saturation in some areas with high acid input and simulates a faster recovery from acidification than SMART

Monte Carlo calculations of energy depositions and radiation transport. Volume 1 - Validation of COHORT codes

Monte Carlo codes for IBM 7090 digital computer to calculate radiation heating in propellant tanks, and radiation environment about nuclear rocket stag

Detection of static and dynamic activities using uniaxial accelerometers

Rehabilitation treatment may be improved by objective analysis of activities of daily living. For this reason, the feasibility of distinguishing several static and dynamic activities (standing, sitting, lying, walking, ascending stairs, descending stairs, cycling) using a small set of two or three uniaxial accelerometers mounted on the body was investigated. The accelerometer signals can be measured with a portable data acquisition system, which potentially makes it possible to perform online detection of static and dynamic activities in the home environment. However, the procedures described in this paper have yet to be evaluated in the home environment. Experiments were conducted on ten healthy subjects, with accelerometers mounted on several positions and orientations on the body, performing static and dynamic activities according to a fixed protocol. Specifically, accelerometers on the sternum and thigh were evaluated. These accelerometers were oriented in the sagittal plane, perpendicular to the long axis of the segment (tangential), or along this axis (radial). First, discrimination between the static or dynamic character of activities was investigated. This appeared to be feasible using an rms-detector applied on the signal of one sensor tangentially mounted on the thigh. Second, the distinction between static activities was investigated. Standing, sitting, lying supine, on a side and prone could be distinguished by observing the static signals of two accelerometers, one mounted tangentially on the thigh, and the second mounted radially on the sternum. Third, the distinction between the cyclical dynamic activities walking, stair ascent, stair descent and cycling was investigated. The discriminating potentials of several features of the accelerometer signals were assessed: the mean value, the standard deviation, the cycle time and the morphology. Signal morphology was expressed by the maximal cross-correlation coefficients with template signals for the different dynamic activities. The mean signal values and signal morphology of accelerometers mounted tangentially on the thigh and the sternum appeared to contribute to the discrimination of dynamic activities with varying detection performances. The standard deviation of the signal and the cycle time were primarily related to the speed of the dynamic activities, and did not contribute to the discrimination of the activities. Therefore, discrimination of dynamic activities on the basis of the combined evaluation of the mean signal value and signal morphology is propose