Towards Big data Governance in Cybersecurity

Big data refers to large complex structured or unstructured data sets. Big data technologies enable organisations to generate, collect, manage, analyse, and visualise big data sets, and provide insights to inform diagnosis, prediction, or other decision-making tasks. One of the critical concerns in handling big data is the adoption of appropriate big data governance frame- works to: 1) curate big data in a required manner to support quality data access for effective machine learning, and 2) ensure the framework regulates the storage and processing of the data from providers and users in a trustworthy way within the related regulatory frame- works (both legally and ethically). This paper proposes a framework of big data governance that guides organisations to make better data-informed business decisions within the related regularity framework, with close attention paid to data security, privacy and accessibility. In order to demonstrate this process, the work also presents an example implementation of the framework based on the case study of big data governance in cyber- security. This framework has the potential to guide the management of big data in different organisations for information sharing and cooperative decision-making

EXAFS investigations of Pd-doped conductive polymers

Polyacetylene (PA) samples were prepared from unstretched PA films by the Naarmann method and doped with Pd(NO3)2 in acetonitrile solution. X-ray absorption spectra near the Pd K edge were measured in transmission mode at room temperature for Pd–(PA) foils, palladium metallic foil and palladium oxide powder. The EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure) analysis showed that C and Pd atoms are the nearest neighbours around Pd atoms in Pd–(PA) samples. The averaged Pd–C bond distance in Pd–(PA) specimens varies from 2.15 to 2.18 Å. In two Pd–(PA) specimens which are worse catalysts, a considerable part of Pd atoms remains in grains resembling Pd metal with the distance Pd–Pd smaller by about 0.02 Å, as compared to the Pd metal. In another Pd–(PA) specimen revealing a good catalytic character, a very weak EXAFS signal from the Pd–Pd distance being larger by 0.04 Å in comparison to Pd metal is observed. It is concluded that ultra-small Pd particles, the size of few atoms, exist in this particular catalyst, which can play a crucial role in catalytic activity and selectivity in reaction of the hydrogenation of the triple CC bond

Seeing invisible light: 2-photon microperimetry to measure visual function

Purpose: The accuracy of conventional visual function tests, which emit visible light, decreases in patients with corneal scars, cataracts, and vitreous hemorrhages. In contrast, infrared (IR) light exhibits greater tissue penetrance than visible light and is less susceptible to optical opacities. We therefore compared conventional visual function tests against infrared 2-phton microperimetry (2PM-IR) in a subject with a brunescent nuclear sclerotic and posterior subcapsular cataract before and after cataract surgery. Methods: Testing using infrared light microperimetry from a novel device (2PM-IR), visible light microperimetry from a novel device (2PM-Vis), conventional microperimetry, and the cone contrast threshold (CCT) test were performed before and after cataract surgery. Results: Retinal sensitivity assessed using 2PM-IR, 2PM-Vis, and cMP improved by 3.4 dB, 17.4 dB, and 18 dB, respectively. Cone contrast threshold testing improved for the S-cone, M-cone, and l-cone by 111, 14, and 30. Conclusions and Importance: 2PM-IR, unlike conventional visual function tests, showed minimal variability in retinal sensitivity before and after surgery. Thus, IR visual stimulation may provide a more accurate means of measuring neurosensory retinal function by circumventing optical media opacities, aiding in the diagnosis of early macular disease

Superconductivity in Indium Diffused GaAs

Superconductivity of indium diffused GaAs was investigated. The superconductivity in these samples was identified by the magnetic susceptibility and the characteristic field modulated microwave absorption. The static magnetic susceptibility was measured from 40 K down to 2.5 K. The result shows two distinctive diamagnetic contributions within 7 K-2.5 K range. These diamagnetic contributions were correlated with the excess of In and Ga metal in GaAs

Noninvasive multiphoton fluorescence microscopy resolves retinol and retinal condensation products in mouse eyes

VOLUME 16 | NUMBER 12 | DECEMBER 2010 nature medicine t e c h n i c a l r e p o r t s Multiphoton excitation fluorescence microscopy (MPM) can image certain molecular processes in vivo. In the eye, fluorescent retinyl esters in subcellular structures called retinosomes mediate regeneration of the visual chromophore, 11-cis-retinal, by the visual cycle. But harmful fluorescent condensation products of retinoids also occur in the retina. We report that in wild-type mice, excitation with a wavelength of ~730 nm identified retinosomes in the retinal pigment epithelium, and excitation with a wavelength of ~910 nm revealed at least one additional retinal fluorophore. The latter fluorescence was absent in eyes of genetically modified mice lacking a functional visual cycle, but accentuated in eyes of older wild-type mice and mice with defective clearance of all-trans-retinal, an intermediate in the visual cycle. MPM, a noninvasive imaging modality that facilitates concurrent monitoring of retinosomes along with potentially harmful products in aging eyes, has the potential to detect early molecular changes due to age-related macular degeneration and other defects in retinoid metabolism. High-resolution noninvasive imaging has become an essential method for understanding complex biological systems in experimental cell lines and is used with increasing frequency in tissues and live animals There are two types of fluorescent retinoids indicative of certain functional and disease states of human eyes. The intrinsic chromophore, fatty acid-esterified retinol, has weak fluorescence and has a propensity to cluster with phospholipids and helper proteins into structures called retinosomes located close to the RPE plasma membrane 12-14 . Fatty acid-esterified retinol is generated by sequential reactions of the visual cycle Condensation products of all-trans-retinal are also fluorescent, and their accumulation within the RPE is indicative of aging retina or retinal pathology. These stable condensation products, including A2E (2- [2,6-dimethyl-8-(2,6,6-trimethyl- and all-trans-retinal dimers 16 that result from inadequate clearance and conversion of all-trans-retinal back to 11-cis-retinol through the visual cycl