On admissible shifts of generalized white noises

Let S be the Schwartz space of rapidly decreasing real functions. The dual space S* consists of the tempered distributions and the relation S ⊂ L2(R) ⊂ S* holds. Let γ be the Gaussian white noise on S* with the characteristic functional γ(ξ) = exp{-∥ξ∥2/2}, ξ ∈ S, where ∥·∥ is the L2(R)-norm. Let ν be the Poisson white noise on S* with the characteristic functional ν(ξ) = expΥ{hooked}R∫R {[exp(iξ(t)u)] - 1 - (1 + u2)-1(iξ(t)u)} dη(u)dt), ξ ∈ S, where the Lévy measure is assumed to satisfy the condition ∫Ru2dη(u) \u3c ∞. It is proved that γ*ν has the same dichotomy property for shifts as the Gaussian white noise, i.e., for any ω ∈ S*, the shift (γ*ν)ω of γ*ν by ω and γ*ν are either equivalent or orthogonal. They are equivalent if and only if when ω ∈ L2(R) and the Radon-Nikodym derivative is derived. It is also proved that for the Poisson white noice νω is orthogonal to ν for any non-zero ω in S*. © 1982

Automated unit-level testing with heuristic rules

Software testing plays a significant role in the development of complex software systems. Current testing methods generally require significant effort to generate meaningful test cases. The QUEST/Ada system is a prototype system designed using CLIPS to experiment with expert system based test case generation. The prototype is designed to test for condition coverage, and attempts to generate test cases to cover all feasible branches contained in an Ada program. This paper reports on heuristics sued by the system. These heuristics vary according to the amount of knowledge obtained by preprocessing and execution of the boolean conditions in the program

Estimation of advective methane flux in gas hydrate potential area offshore SW Taiwan and its tectonic implications

With the discoveries of Bottom Simulating Reflectors (BSRs), large and dense chemosynthetic communities and rapid sulfate reductions in pore space sediments, gas hydrates may exist in offshore southwestern Taiwan. Methane concentrations in pore space sediments have been measured to investigate if fluids and gases are derived from dissociation of gas hydrates. Very high methane concentrations and very shallow depths of sulfate methane interface (SMI) imply the high methane flux underneath the seafloor. Linear sulfate gradients, low total organic carbon (TOC) have been combined to describe the process of anaerobic methane oxidation (AMO) and calculate the iffusive methane flux in Chuang et al. (2010). However, the appearance of concave (or non-linear) profiles of sulfate in some cores might indicate advective fluid flows. Hence, the methane flux may be much greater under advective conditions. In this study, numerical transport-reaction models were applied to calculate the methane flux including diffusion and advection of dissolved sulfate and methane and the anaerobic methane oxidation of methane. According to the modeled results of three giant piston cores (MD05-2911, MD05-2912 and MD05-2913) collected during the r/v Marion Dufresne cruise in 2005, gas bubbling or bioirrigation may occur in these site. Values of the methane flux ranging from 1.91 to 5.17 mmol m-2yr-1 and upward fluid flow velocities around 0.05-0.13 cm yr-1 are related to different geologic structures in the active continental margin. Site MD05-2912 is located on the Tainan Ridge where anticlines and blind thrusts are the dominate structures. Site MD052911 is on the Yung-An Ridge characterized by emergent and imbricate thrusts

Expression, secretion and folding of human growth hormone in Escherichia coli Purification and characterization

AbstractAn efficient secretion vector containing a gene coding for an E. coli signal peptide fused to human growth hormone (hGH) was cloned into E. coli. The recombinant fusion protein was expressed and correctly processed hGH was secreted into the periplasmic space at a yield of 10–15 μg hGH/A600. Purification of hGH from the periplasmic fraction by anion exchange and size exclusion gave hGH of greater than 90% purity. Characterization by SDS-PAGE, amino terminal analysis, trypsin mapping, and circular dichroism demonstrated that the fusion protein was correctly processed to authentic hGH and that the E. coli periplasm provided an appropriate environment for proper folding of hGH and disulfide bond formation

A monoclonal antibody to C1q which appears to interact with C1r2C1s2-binding site

AbstractA monoclonal antibody (SB-4) to human C1q was prepared. The equilibrium constant of the antibody for C1q was found to be greater than 1010 M−1. It has been shown that the antibody binds to the A-B chain dimer, probably via the B chain of C1q. Pepsin digestion of C1q at pH 4.5, which fragments the globular regions but leaves the collagenous region intact, allowed the demonstration that the antigenic site is located in the collagenous region of the molecule. The effect of the antibody on haemolytic activity has shown that it is capable of inhibiting the formation of EAC1 cells from EAC1q cells plus C1r and C1s but is incapable of inhibiting the C1 activity of preformed EAC1 cells. This indicates that the binding of the antibody to the collagenous portion of the B chain of C1q probably prevents interaction between C1q and the C1r2-C1s2 complex

Embedding initial data for black hole collisions

We discuss isometric embedding diagrams for the visualization of initial data for the problem of the head-on collision of two black holes. The problem of constructing the embedding diagrams is explicitly presented for the best studied initial data, the Misner geometry. We present a partial solution of the embedding diagrams and discuss issues related to completing the solution.Comment: (27pp text, 11 figures

On V_ud determination from kaon decays

The pion beta decay pi^+ -> pi^0 e^+ nu proceeds through pure weak vector hadronic currents and, therefore, the theoretical prediction for it is more reliable than for the processes with axial-vector current contribution. For example, recently the pion beta decay has been used for V_ud determination. The main aim of this letter is to point that kaon beta decay K^0 -> K^+(pi^+ pi^0) e^- nu-bar analogously can be used for this purpose.Comment: 3 pages, no figures, one reference adde

The development of a program analysis environment for Ada

A unit level, Ada software module testing system, called Query Utility Environment for Software Testing of Ada (QUEST/Ada), is described. The project calls for the design and development of a prototype system. QUEST/Ada design began with a definition of the overall system structure and a description of component dependencies. The project team was divided into three groups to resolve the preliminary designs of the parser/scanner: the test data generator, and the test coverage analyzer. The Phase 1 report is a working document from which the system documentation will evolve. It provides history, a guide to report sections, a literature review, the definition of the system structure and high level interfaces, descriptions of the prototype scope, the three major components, and the plan for the remainder of the project. The appendices include specifications, statistics, two papers derived from the current research, a preliminary users' manual, and the proposal and work plan for Phase 2