Economic Reforms in the Sovereign States of the Former Soviet Union

macroeconomics, former Soviet Union, economic reforms

The Clean Water Act: Financing Combined Sewer Overflow Projects

In 1987 Congress expanded the scope of the Clean Water Act to include combined sewer overflows (CSOs) despite continuing to reduce federal assistance for water-pollution abatement and despite the fact that CSO abatement is far more costly than previous water-quality mandates. As a result, many low-income deindustrializing cities are now subject to an additional federal mandate that many of them cannot afford without extensive federal or state assistance. The authors conclude that, in lieu of increased federal funding for CSO abatement, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulatory guidelines and the Clean Water Act be amended to include an assessment of the fiscal and economic impact of CSO mandates. Such action would provide a basis for targeting the available resources where needs are greatest and the effect of CSO abatement is likely to result in tangible beneficial uses

Computation of Convex Hull prices in electricity markets with non-convexities using Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition

The presence of non-convexities in electricity markets has been an active research area for about two decades. The — inevitable under current marginal cost pricing — problem of guaranteeing that no market participant incurs losses in the day-ahead market is addressed in current practice through make-whole payments a.k.a. uplift. Alternative pricing rules have been studied to deal with this problem. Among them, Convex Hull (CH) prices associated with minimum uplift have attracted significant attention. Several US Independent System Operators (ISOs) have considered CH prices but resorted to approximations, mainly because determining exact CH prices is computationally challenging, while providing little intuition about the price formation rationale. In this paper, we describe the CH price estimation problem by relying on Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition and Column Generation, as a tractable, highly paralellizable, and exact method — i.e., yielding exact, not approximate, CH prices — with guaranteed finite convergence. Moreover, the approach provides intuition on the underlying price formation rationale. A test bed of stylized examples provide an exposition of the intuition in the CH price formation. In addition, a realistic ISO dataset is used to support scalability and validate the proof-of-concept.Accepted manuscrip

Computation of Convex Hull Prices in Electricity Markets with Non-Convexities using Dantzig-Wolfe Decomposition

The presence of non-convexities in electricity markets has been an active research area for about two decades. The -- inevitable under current marginal cost pricing -- problem of guaranteeing that no market participant incurs losses in the day-ahead market is addressed in current practice through make-whole payments a.k.a. uplift. Alternative pricing rules have been studied to deal with this problem. Among them, Convex Hull (CH) prices associated with minimum uplift have attracted significant attention. Several US Independent System Operators (ISOs) have considered CH prices but resorted to approximations, mainly because determining exact CH prices is computationally challenging, while providing little intuition about the price formation rationale. In this paper, we describe the CH price estimation problem by relying on Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition and Column Generation, as a tractable, highly paralellizable, and exact method -- i.e., yielding exact, not approximate, CH prices -- with guaranteed finite convergence. Moreover, the approach provides intuition on the underlying price formation rationale. A test bed of stylized examples provide an exposition of the intuition in the CH price formation. In addition, a realistic ISO dataset is used to support scalability and validate the proof-of-concept.Comment: 11 page

Effect on guinea pigs of consuming an excessive quantity of phosphates

Digitized 2007 AES.Includes bibliographical references (page 8)

The influence of the plane of nutrition on the maintenance requirement of cattle

Publication authorized November 21, 1921.Cover title.Digitized 2007 AES.Includes bibliographical references (page 21)

Consistency of dust solutions with div H=0

One of the necessary covariant conditions for gravitational radiation is the vanishing of the divergence of the magnetic Weyl tensor H_{ab}, while H_{ab} itself is nonzero. We complete a recent analysis by showing that in irrotational dust spacetimes, the condition div H=0 evolves consistently in the exact nonlinear theory.Comment: 3 pages Revte

Bromine-free quinone flow battery chemistries

Chemistry and Chemical Biolog

Nonperturbative gravito-magnetic fields

In a cold matter universe, the linearized gravito-magnetic tensor field satisfies a transverse condition (vanishing divergence) when it is purely radiative. We show that in the nonlinear theory, it is no longer possible to maintain the transverse condition, since it leads to a non-terminating chain of integrability conditions. These conditions are highly restrictive, and are likely to hold only in models with special symmetries, such as the known Bianchi and $G_2$ examples. In models with realistic inhomogeneity, the gravito-magnetic field is necessarily non-transverse at second and higher order.Comment: Minor changes to match published version; to appear in Phys. Rev.

Numerical Solution of Fuel-Element Thermal-Stress Problems

In developing a method of numerical analysis for the solution of thermal- stress problems special emphasis was given to fuel elements with internal coolant channels. Numerical techniques ior reducing the partial differential equation system te a form suitable for numerical solution and a new iteratlve method of solving large systems of linear algebraic equations were employed. Computer codes were devised to obtain the numerical solution of the thermal-stress problems and were used to obtain numerical results for single-hole and seven-hole hexagonal elements and plate-type elements. Comparisons were made between analytical results and numerical results for the case of t:.ie simple annulus shape. (auth