Success of Aquaculture Industry with New Insights of Using Insects as Feed: A Review

Most of world's fish and seafood are produced by aquaculture, which is one of the biggest contributors to the world's food security. The substantial increase in prices of conventional feed ingredients and the over-exploitation of natural resources are some of the biggest constraints to aquaculture production. To overcome this stress, different approaches and techniques are used, among which the use of non-conventional feed ingredients in the aquaculture sector is the most recent approach. Different non-conventional feed ingredients such as plant-based products, algae (both micro and macroalgae), single-cell protein (bacteria and yeast), and insect meal are currently used in aquaculture for sustainable food production. Amongst all these novel ingredients, insects have greater potential to replace fishmeal. The existence of about 1.3 billion tons of food and agriculture waste from the food chain supply poses a serious environmental threat. Insects are tiny creatures that can thrive on organic waste and thus can convert the waste to wealth by the bioconversion and nutritional upcycling of organic waste. Insects have the potential to recover nutrients from waste aquaculture products, and many fish species feed on insects naturally. Therefore, employing insects in the aquaculture sector to replace fishmeal is an eco-friendly approach. The present review briefly highlights emerging non-conventional feed ingredients, with special attention given to insects. The current review also focuses on the nutritional value of insects, factors affecting the nutritional value of insects, potential insects that can be employed in the aquaculture sector, the physiological response of fish when fed with insect meal, techno-functional properties of insect meal, and emerging approaches for addressing possible downsides of employing insect meal in fish diets. Finally, it suggests avenues for further research into these inventive fishmeal replacements

Retained stones in the common bile duct: results of management

Seventeen patients underwent treatment for retained common bile duct stones. In 7 patients the stones were removed via a T-tube tract using steerable catheters while 5 patients underwent ERCP and sphincterotomy and 5 underwent surgical re-exploration. Considering morbidity, mortality, success rate and patients\u27 stay in the hospital, non-operative modalities should be the treatment of choice for retained common bile duct stones

Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm to Diagnose Breast Cancer

The automatic diagnosis of breast cancer is an important, real-world medical problem. A major class of problems in Medical Science involves the diagnosis of disease, based upon various tests performed upon the patient. When several tests are involved, the ultimate diagnosis may be difficult to obtain, even for a medical expert. This has given rise, over the past few decades, to computerized diagnostic tools, intended to aid the Physician in making sense out of the confusion of data. This Paper carried out to generate and evaluate fuzzy model to predict malignancy of breast tumor, using Wisconsin Diagnosis Breast Cancer Database (WDBC). Our objectives in this Paper are: (i) to find the diagnostic performance of fuzzy model in distinction between malignance and benign patterns, (ii) to reduce the number of benign cases sent for biopsy using this model as a supportive tool, and (iii) to validate the capability of this model to recognize new cases

Characterization of Cadmium Sulfide Films Deposited by Chemical Bath Method

Thin filmcadmium sulfide is a leading candidate in the fabrication of large area solar cells. The chemical bath deposition method is one of the least expensive sources for the fabrication of device quality cadmium sulfide thin films.Inthe present work, the deposition of CdS films on glass substrate from an aqueous solution containing cadmium acetate, ammonia, ammonium acetate, and thiourea are investigated. The structural properties of CdS films are characterized. Good quality thin films within 0.1 - o.5 |im thickness were obtained in30 minute deposition time, and at 70*-90*C. The films show preferential orientations. The optical transmittance of the films are in the range of 40-65% for wavelengths above the band gap absorption, making the filmssuitable as a window material inheterojunction solar cells

Novel Framework for Hidden Data in the Image Page within Executable File Using Computation between Advanced Encryption Standard and Distortion Techniques

The hurried development of multimedia and internet allows for wide distribution of digital media data. It becomes much easier to edit, modify and duplicate digital information. In additional, digital document is also easy to copy and distribute, therefore it may face many threats. It became necessary to find an appropriate protection due to the significance, accuracy and sensitivity of the information. Furthermore, there is no formal method to be followed to discover a hidden data. In this paper, a new information hiding framework is presented.The proposed framework aim is implementation of framework computation between advance encryption standard (AES) and distortion technique (DT) which embeds information in image page within executable file (EXE file) to find a secure solution to cover file without change the size of cover file. The framework includes two main functions; first is the hiding of the information in the image page of EXE file, through the execution of four process (specify the cover file, specify the information file, encryption of the information, and hiding the information) and the second function is the extraction of the hiding information through three process (specify the stego file, extract the information, and decryption of the information).Comment: 6 Pages IEEE Format, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, IJCSIS 2009, ISSN 1947 5500, Impact Factor 0.42

Detection of Virulence Factors Produced by Local Isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila

Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from different local sources includes fresh fish, water, and lake of fish farm in Baghdad governorate, and identified according to their morphological and cultural characteristics and biochemical tests. Virulence factors produced by A. hydrophila isolates were detected to select the more virulent isolate. Results showed that these isolates have the hemolytic activity, slime production and with high ability in protease production. Antibiotic susceptibility of the more virulent isolate was examined. Results showed that A. hydrophila H4 was resistant to many antibiotics, while it was sensitive to others. Plasmid profile A. hydrophila H4 was studied by extraction of plasmid DNA and electrophoresis on agarose gel. Results showed that this isolate was harboring two small plasmids which may be responsible for the production of virulence factors and/or the antibiotics resistance. After curing of these two plasmids by using SDS (6%), it was found that cured colonies of A. hydrophila H4 was lost its ability to resist many antibiotics, while it was still having the ability to produce different virulence factors, which means that genes encoding these virulence factors are chromosomally located. Keywords: Aeromonas hydrophila, Virulence factors, DNA plasmid, curing

Crystallization of osumilite from modified basaltic glasses

Osumilite-type phases, which have high temperature stability and low linear thermal expansion coefficients, were crystallized from modified basalt glass composition. To satisfy the compositional requirements of osumilite molecules, a deliberate amount of kaolin, sand, magnesite and TiO2 should be added to the basalt. The crystallization process was investigated by DTA, X-ray diffractometry and SEM. The effect of compositional changes on bulk crystallization and growth morphology was also studied. The linear thermal expansion coefficient was measured to characterize the produced glass-ceramics

Fungal Endophytes of Populus trichocarpa Alter Host Phenotype, Gene Expression, and Rhizobiome Composition.

Mortierella and Ilyonectria genera include common species of soil fungi that are frequently detected as root endophytes in many plants, including Populus spp. However, the ecological roles of these and other endophytic fungi with respect to plant growth and function are still not well understood. The functional ecology of two key taxa from the P. trichocarpa rhizobiome, M. elongata PMI93 and I. europaea PMI82, was studied by coupling forest soil bioassays with environmental metatranscriptomics. Using soil bioassay experiments amended with fungal inoculants, M. elongata was observed to promote the growth of P. trichocarpa. This response was cultivar independent. In contrast, I. europaea had no visible effect on P. trichocarpa growth. Metatranscriptomic studies revealed that these fungi impacted rhizophytic and endophytic activities in P. trichocarpa and induced shifts in soil and root microbial communities. Differential expression of core genes in P. trichocarpa roots was observed in response to both fungal species. Expression of P. trichocarpa genes for lipid signaling and nutrient uptake were upregulated, and expression of genes associated with gibberellin signaling were altered in plants inoculated with M. elongata, but not I. europaea. Upregulation of genes for growth promotion, downregulation of genes for several leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases, and alteration of expression of genes associated with plant defense responses (e.g., jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene signal pathways) also suggest that M. elongata manipulates plant defenses while promoting plant growth

Method of planarizing polycrystalline diamonds, planarized polycrystalline diamonds and products made therefrom

A method of planarizing a diamond film which generally includes orifices in the surface is described. The method includes first polishing the diamond film surface to reduce the surface roughness. A filler material is applied to the surface of the film to fill the orifices in the film. The film is polished to remove excess filler material and expose the diamond film surface. Also disclosed are planarized diamond films diamond substrate having a polished surface of both diamond and filler material and a variation in thickness of less than 8 percent