Novel Treatment Approaches for Substance Use Disorders: Therapeutic Use of Psychedelics and the Role of Psychotherapy

Purpose of Review: The use of psychedelics in a therapeutical setting has been reported for the treatment of various diagnoses in recent years. However, as psychedelic substances are still commonly known for their ( illicit) recreational use, it may seem counterintuitive to use psychedelic therapy to treat substance use disorders. This review aims to discuss how psychedelics can promote and intensify psychotherapeutic key processes, in different approaches like psychodynamic and cognitive behavioral therapy, with a spotlight on the treatment of substance use disorders (SUD). Recent Findings: There is promising evidence of feasibility, safety, and efficacy of psychedelic therapy in SUD. In the whole process of former and current psychedelic therapy regimes that have shown to be safe and efficacious, various psychotherapeutic elements, both psychodynamic and behavioral as well as other approaches, can be identified, while a substantial part of the assumed mechanism of action, the individual psychedelic experience, cannot be distinctly classified to just one approach. Summary: Psychedelic therapy consists of a complex interaction of pharmacological and psychological processes. When administered in well-defined conditions, psychedelics can serve as augmentation of different psychotherapy interventions in the treatment of SUD and other mental disorders, regardless of their theoretical origin

Разработка системы импульсного питания сварной дуги с разделением токоподвода к изделию

Объектом исследования является: процесс сварки неплавящимся электродом в аргоне. Предмет исследования ? сварочная дуга горящая в импульсном режиме на постоянном токе. Цель работы ? является исследование и разработка системы импульсного питания сварной дуги с разделением токоподвода к изделию. В процессе исследования проводились анализ методов повышения эффективности и способы сварки неплавящимся электродом с применением импульсного питания сварочной дуги, проведен анализ сварки модулированным током и предложен наиболее перспективный способ. В результате исследования разработана принципиальная электрическая схема модулятора обеспечивающее двойной токоподвод к изделию.Object of research: the process of Non-consumable Electrode Arc welding in argon. Subject of research: welding arc burning in the pulsed mode at direct current. Purpose of research: is the research and development of a pulsed power supply system for a welded arc with the separation of the current lead to the product. In the process of the investigation, methods of increasing efficiency and methods for welding with a non-consumable electrode were analyzed using pulse welding arc welding, an analysis of modulated current welding was performed and the most promising method was proposed. Results of research: a basic electrical circuit of the modulator was developed to provide a double current lead to the product

Balıkçının hikâyesi

İzmir’den Ayşe Hafize'nin Çocuk Duygusu'nda tefrika edilen Balıkçının Hikâyesi adlı romanıTefrika yarım kalmıştır. Arşivdeki eksikler nedeniyle tefrikanın tamamlanıp tamamlanmadığı bilinmemektedir

Arsen Lüpen’in sergüzeştinden: duvardaki akisler

Maurice Leblanc'ın İleri'de yayımlanan Arsen Lüpen’in Sergüzeştinden: Duvardaki Akisler adlı romanının ilk ve son tefrikalar

Effect of dynamic compressive loading and its combination with a growth factor on the chondrocytic phenotype of 3-dimensional scaffold-embedded chondrocytes

Background and purpose Three-dimensionally (3D-) embedded chondrocytes have been suggested to maintain the chondrocytic phenotype. Furthermore, mechanical stress and growth factors have been found to be capable of enhancing cell proliferation and ECM synthesis. We investigated the effect of mechanical loading and growth factors on reactivation of the 3D-embedded chondrocytes

Redox and Ligand Exchange during the Reaction of Tetrachloroaurate with Hexacyanoferrate(II) at a Liquid-Liquid Interface: Voltammetry and X-ray Absorption Fine-Structure Studies

AbstractVoltammetry for charge (ion and electron) transfer at two immiscible electrolyte solutions (VCTIES) has been used to provide insight into the ligand exchange and redox processes taking place during the interfacial reaction of aqueous hexacyanoferrate(II) with tetrachloroaurate ([AuCl4]−) in 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE). VCTIES permitted the detection of the reactants, intermediates and products at the liquid/liquid interface. A model for the sequence of interfacial processes was established with the support of speciation analysis of the key elementary reactions by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The potential-driven transfer of [AuCl4]− from the organic into the aqueous phase is followed by reduction and ligand exchange by the aqueous hexacyanoferrate(II) to form dicyanoaurate ([Au(CN)2]−). Inferences from the reactions point to the likely formation of [AuCl2]− during the reduction sequence. The reaction is influenced by ligand exchange equilibria between [AuCl4]−, [AuCl3(OH)]– and [AuCl2(OH)2]– which are shown to be dependent on the chloride ion concentration and pH of the solution. The difference between the Gibbs energy of transfer at the water | DCE interface (ΔGDCEW°)of AuCl4– and [AuCl3(OH)]–, and the difference between [AuCl3(OH)]– and [AuCl2(OH)2]– were found to change by a value close to the difference between ΔGDCEW° of Cl– and that of OH–. The intermediate Au(I) species, [AuCl2]−, was seen to decompose at neutral pH and in the absence of Cl– in water to form metallic Au, although it was stable in >10mM HCl for an hour. Time-dependent VCTIES and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) speciation analysis of the homogeneous aqueous phase indicate that reaction between [AuCl4]− and hexacyanoferrate(II) is accompanied by the formation of an intermediate ionic species, formed when the concentration of [AuCl4]− is close to that of hexacyanoferrate(II). This species, whose identity was not precisely determined, was also generated by reaction between [AuCl2]− and hexacyanoferrate(III). The species is shown by VCTIES to be more hydrophilic than [Au(CN)2]−, [AuCl2]− and [AuCl4]−

A facile electrochemical route to the preparation of uniform and monoatomic copper shells for gold nanoparticles

Copper on gold forms a monolayer deposit via underpotential deposition. For gold particles adsorbed at a liquid–liquid interface this results in a uniform one monolayer thick shell. This approach offers a new route for the uniform functionalisation of nanoparticles and presents a way to probe fundamental processes that underlie nanoparticle synthesi