Southeast Asia and the Middle East: Islam, Movement, and the Longue Durée

Book Review : (Eric Tagliacozzo, ed. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, working with NUS Press in Singapore, 2009). Viii + 392 pages.This book has brought together scholars from around the world to begin to fill this gaping hole. Especially with regards to the influence of the Middle East on Southeast Asian (Muslim) society, the various articles add significantly to our understanding. The book also aspires to go beyond a limited, brief, local perspective by bringing together essays from over a millennium of inter-regional connections. The appendage of longue durée to the subtitle, invocative of the Annales school of structural history emerging out of France several decades ago, indicates a focus to broader trends and forces at work shaping the relationship. The immediate e?ect of this longue durée framework is seen, though, in the broad range of time periods addressed in the volume, beginning with the dawn of Islam and running through the present.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v16i3.47

Islam in Indonesia’s Foreign Policy, 1945-1949

Although most policy studies argue there has been no influence of Islam on Indonesia's foreign policy, the foreign relations of the Republic of Indonesia during the revolution for independence provide a counter-example. Because of the greater role for society in conducting, rather than just influencing, foreign relations, Islam was used as a key element in Indonesia's diplomatic efforts in the Arab world between 1945 and 1949. This led to several key, early successes for Indonesia on the world stage, but changing circumstances meant that relations with the Arab world and thus the place of Islam in foreign policy were no longer prominent from 1948.[Meskipun sebagian besar studi mengenai kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia menyatakan tidak adanya pengaruh Islam dalam hal tersebut, kebijakan pada zaman revolusi kemerdekaan memperlihatkan adanya pengaruh itu. Karena adanya peran yang lebih besar bagi masyarakat dalam membentuk dan menjalankan kebijakan pada saat itu, Islam digunakan sebagai sebuah elemen pokok dalam menjalankan hubungan diplomatik Indonesia dengan dunia Arab dari tahun 1945 hingga 1949. Hal ini mengarah ke beberapa keberhasilan awal yang menonjol bagi Indonesia di pentas internasional. Namun, sesuai dengan perubahan keadaan dunia sesudah tahun 1948, hubungan dengan dunia Arab menjadi tidak sepenting sebelumnya serta peranan Islam semakin memudar dan tidak lagi menjadi elemen kebijakan luar negeri.

Reinforcing charisma in the bureaucratisation of Indonesian Islamic organisations

Many studies of Islam in Indonesia have focused on the mass Islamic organisations that form the backbone of civil society and Indonesian religious life. However, studies of these organisations have not appreciated the central place of charisma amid their bureaucratic features. This article looks at the case of Alkhairaat, a mass Islamic organisation headquartered in Central Sulawesi but spread throughout eastern Indonesia, as a bureaucracy built to reinforce and perpetuate the charisma of its founder, Sayyid Idrus bin Salim al-Jufri. The case of Alkhairaat demonstrates how mass Islamic organisations in Indonesia bureaucratise Islam but also, in doing this, defy the broader trend of legalisation. Instead, the on-going veneration of the founder’s charisma helps to make sense of the continuing attention to supernatural occurrences among traditionalist Indonesian Muslims and the power of organisational leaders over their followers

Report of Investigations No. 133 Three-Dimensional Ground-Water Modeling in Depositional Systems, Wilcox Group, Oakwood Salt Dome Area, East Texas

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Hamka's Doctoral Address at Al-Azhar: the Influence of Muhammad Abduh in Indonesia

This is a translation of the doctoral address given by Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah (Hamka) when he received a doctorate honouris causa from al-Azhar University. Although Hamka assigned his talk the title ‘The Influence of Muham- mad Abduh in Indonesia', the primary topic is actually the evolution of Islam in Indonesia and the development of Islamic reformism and the address minimally touches on the Egyptian thinker. For the 1950s, this can be taken as a normative, indigenous view of Indonesia in an Islamic, especially reformist, contex

Olive Schreiner in Rhodesia: an episode in a biography

Readers of biographies of Olive Schreiner - except for the pioneering work of Vera Buchanan-Gould (see 1948, 198-99) - could be forgiven for doubting whether Olive Schreiner ever was in Rhodesia. Although her husband's edition of her Letters includes three which cover this journey (Cronwright-Schreiner 1924a), he makes no mention of it in his Life (1924), and it is not touched on either in First and Scott (1980) or in Stanley's impressive biographical chapter (2002). Arguably, it does nothing to alter the by now well-established outlines of Olive Schreiner's life; yet, as we shall see, the visit itself might have meant the premature end of that life. Moreover, it documents Schreiner's visit to two sites of immense importance to her : the 'Hanging Tree' in Bulawayo which features in the (deliberately shocking) photographic frontispiece to the first edition of Trooper Peter Halket of Mashonaland (1897), and, secondly, Cecil Rhodes's grave in the Matopos. In just over a decade (13 Aug. 1921), she too would lie in her chosen mountaintop tomb

Olive Schreiner at 150: some thoughts on re-editing Cronwright's The Reinterment on Buffelskop

[From the introduction]: The original edition of Cronwright’s The Reinterment on Buffelskop (1983) was produced by Guy Butler and Nick Visser to commemorate the centenary of the 1883 publication of The Story of an African Farm. The Butler-Visser text was a photographic reproduction of a typed carbon copy of the first part of Cronwright’s extant diaries plus a special diary he had kept covering in detail the events of the actual reinterment. (The originals are now at the National English Literary Museum [NELM].) Butler included a comprehensive and illuminating introduction to these texts, as well as – under separate soft cover – a set of “Provisional Notes” which draw deeply on his own and his family’s accumulated knowledge of Cradock, its environs and inhabitants. In addition, Butler and Visser included two passages excised by Cronwright from the typescript of his Life of Olive Schreiner: a word picture of Charles Heathcote, and the longer account of “The Nienaber Incident” – pages which deal with the execution of three innocent men at De Aar on 19 March 1901, and Cronwright’s subsequent attempts at legal reparation for them and their families. The substantive text of the Butler-Visser edition is often difficult to read because of the method of reproduction; moreover, because it also reproduces Cronwright’s emendations (in ink) of the typescript, it is frankly uninviting. Thus, when the NELM Council proposed a publication commemorating the 150th anniversary of Olive Schreiner’s birth on 24 March 1855, it seemed appropriate that a second attempt be made to give students of Olive Schreiner’s works easier access to Cronwright’s detailed account of this “bizarre, romantic” episode. Furthermore, from the perspective of text history, the typescript of the Reinterment antedates both Cronwright’s Life and The Letters of Olive Schreiner. Parts of it are clearly Cronwright’s preliminary ‘notes towards’ his Life, and, as Butler hypothesizes, the whole of the Reinterment might have been intended as a separate (and earlier) publication. Finally, the sarcophagus on Buffelskop is one of South Africa’s more noteworthy literary shrines: while the idea of re-editing an account of Olive Schreiner’s reinterment might be thought to be a futile exercise in intellectual recycling, our intention is that both husband and wife should live again through a rediscovery of the thoughts and feelings that led them to this dramatic final resting-place

Study of advanced fuel system concepts for commercial aircraft and engines

The impact on a commercial transport aircraft of using fuels which have relaxed property limits relative to current commercial jet fuel was assessed. The methodology of the study is outlined, fuel properties are discussed, and the effect of the relaxation of fuel properties analyzed. Advanced fuel system component designs that permit the satisfactory use of fuel with the candidate relaxed properties in the subject aircraft are described. The two fuel properties considered in detail are freezing point and thermal stability. Three candidate fuel system concepts were selected and evaluated in terms of performance, cost, weight, safety, and maintainability. A fuel system that incorporates insulation and electrical heating elements on fuel tank lower surfaces was found to be most cost effective for the long term

Hydrogeologic Characterization of the Saline Aquifers, East Texas Basin-Implications to Nuclear Waste Storage in East Texas Salt Domes

Groundwaters in the deep aquifers (Nacatoch to Travis Peak) range in salinity from 20,000 to over 200,000 mg/l. Based on their isotopic compositions, they were originally recharged as continental meteoric waters. Recharge probably occurred predominantly during Cretaceous time; therefore, the waters are very old. Because the basin has not been uplifted and faulting of the northern and western sides, there are no extensive recharge or discharge zones. The flanks of domes and radial faults associated with domes may function as localized discharge points. Both the water chemistry and the hydraulic pressures for the aquifers suggest that the basin can be subdivided into two major aquifer systems: (1) the upper Cretaceous aquifers (Woodbine and shallower) which are hydrostatic to subhydrostatic and (2) the deep lower Cretaceous and deeper formations (Glen Rose, Travis Peak, and older units), which are slightly overpressured. The source of sodium and chloride in the saline waters is considered to be from salt dome dissolution. Most of the dissolution occurred during the Cretaceous. Chlorine-36 analyses suggest that dome solution is not presently occurring. Salinity cross sections across individual domes do not indicate that ongoing solution is an important process. The major chemical reactions in the saline aquifers are dome dissolution, albitization, and dedolomitization. Albitization and dedolomitization are important only in the deeper formations. The high Na concentrations in the deeper aquifers system result in the alteration of plagioclase to albite and the release of Ca into solution. The increase in Ca concentrations causes a shift in the calcite/dolomite equilibrium. The increase in Mg results from dissolution of dolomite. The critical hydrologic factors in the utilization of salt domes for disposal of high-level nuclear waste are whether the wastes could leak from a candidate dome and where they would migrate. The following conclusions are applicable to the problem of waste isolation in salt domes: (1) Salt domes in the East Texas Basin have extensively dissolved. The NaCl in the saline aquifers is primarily from this process. Major dissolution, however, probably occurred in the Cretaceous time. There is little evidence for ongoing salt dome dissolution in the saline aquifers. (2) If there was a release to a saline aquifer, waste migration would either be along the dome flanks or laterally away from the dome. If there is a permeability conduit along the dome flanks, then contaminants could migrate to the fresh-water aquifers, provided an upward hydraulic gradient exists. Calculation of performance assessment scenarios must take into account whether there is potential for upward flow between saline aquifers at repository level and the fresh water aquifers. If an upward flow potential exists, upward leakage along the dome flanks should be used as the worst-case scenario.Bureau of Economic Geolog