A modeling technique for STOVL ejector and volume dynamics

New models for thrust augmenting ejector performance prediction and feeder duct dynamic analysis are presented and applied to a proposed Short Take Off and Vertical Landing (STOVL) aircraft configuration. Central to the analysis is the nontraditional treatment of the time-dependent volume integrals in the otherwise conventional control-volume approach. In the case of the thrust augmenting ejector, the analysis required a new relationship for transfer of kinetic energy from the primary flow to the secondary flow. Extraction of the required empirical corrections from current steady-state experimental data is discussed; a possible approach for modeling insight through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is presented

First-principles quantum dynamics in interacting Bose gases I: The positive P representation

The performance of the positive P phase-space representation for exact many-body quantum dynamics is investigated. Gases of interacting bosons are considered, where the full quantum equations to simulate are of a Gross-Pitaevskii form with added Gaussian noise. This method gives tractable simulations of many-body systems because the number of variables scales linearly with the spatial lattice size. An expression for the useful simulation time is obtained, and checked in numerical simulations. The dynamics of first-, second- and third-order spatial correlations are calculated for a uniform interacting 1D Bose gas subjected to a change in scattering length. Propagation of correlations is seen. A comparison is made to other recent methods. The positive P method is particularly well suited to open systems as no conservation laws are hard-wired into the calculation. It also differs from most other recent approaches in that there is no truncation of any kind.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, IOP styl

Disagreement between correlations of quantum mechanics and stochastic electrodynamics in the damped parametric oscillator

Intracavity and external third order correlations in the damped nondegenerate parametric oscillator are calculated for quantum mechanics and stochastic electrodynamics (SED), a semiclassical theory. The two theories yield greatly different results, with the correlations of quantum mechanics being cubic in the system's nonlinear coupling constant and those of SED being linear in the same constant. In particular, differences between the two theories are present in at least a mesoscopic regime. They also exist when realistic damping is included. Such differences illustrate distinctions between quantum mechanics and a hidden variable theory for continuous variables.Comment: accepted by PR

Structural studies on polyuronides

GENERAL INTRODUCTION Polysaccharides 1 Uronic acids 3 • • PART ONE THE GUM EXUDATE OP ALBIZZIA ZYGIA Introduction Plant Gums 7 Structural Investigation of Plant Gums 8 Molecular Structure of Plant Gums 15 Relationship of Chemical Structure to Botanical Origin 17 • Experimental General Methods 23 Complete Hydrolysis and Identification of Monosaccharides 28 Extraction of Polysaccharides 28 Attempted Fractionation 29 Properties of Purified Polysaccharides 30 Relative Proportions of Neutral Sugars 31 Relative Proportions of Uronie Acids 35 Periodate Oxidation Studies 36 Characterisation of Neutral .Sugars 40 Characterisation of Uronic Acids 42 Acetolysis of the Polysaccharide 46 Autohydrolysis 49 Partial Acid Hydrolysis 50 Separation of Neutral Fraction 51 Separation of Acidic Fraction 56 Examination of Acidic Fractions 58 • Discussion 62 • • PART TWO CONSTITUTION OF ALGINIC ACID FROM LAMINARIA PIGITATA Introduction 88 Chemical Constitution of Alginic Acid 91 Properties of Alginic Acid 95 Structural Studies 97 Recent Structural Developments 102 • Experimental General Methods 106 Extraction of Alginic Acid 107 Properties of Alginic Acid 108 Chromatographic Identification of Mannose and Gulose 108 Sulphuric Acid Hydrolysis 110 Pormic Acid Hydrolysis 112 Action of Hot Pormic Acid on Mannurone 116 Fractionation of Alginic Acid 117 Characterisation of l(+)-Tartaric acid 119 Oxidation of Alginic Acid and Isolation of L(+)-Tartaric acid 120 Incomplete Oxidation of Alginic Acid 123 Oxidation with dilute Periodate Solutions 126 Heduction of Oxo-alginic Acids 127 • Discussion 131 • • Bibliography 147 • • Acknowledgements 15

Gaussian phase-space representations for fermions

We introduce a positive phase-space representation for fermions, using the most general possible multi-mode Gaussian operator basis. The representation generalizes previous bosonic quantum phase-space methods to Fermi systems. We derive equivalences between quantum and stochastic moments, as well as operator correspondences that map quantum operator evolution onto stochastic processes in phase space. The representation thus enables first-principles quantum dynamical or equilibrium calculations in many-body Fermi systems. Potential applications are to strongly interacting and correlated Fermi gases, including coherent behaviour in open systems and nanostructures described by master equations. Examples of an ideal gas and the Hubbard model are given, as well as a generic open system, in order to illustrate these ideas.Comment: More references and examples. Much less mathematical materia

Supersonic combustor modeling

The physical phenomena involved when a supersonic flow undergoes chemical reaction are discussed. Detailed physical models of convective and diffusive mixing, and finite rate chemical reaction in supersonic flow are presented. Numerical algorithms used to solve the equations governing these processes are introduced. Computer programs using these algorithms are used to analyze the structure of the reacting mixing layer. It is concluded that, as in subsonic flow, exothermic heat release in unconfined supersonic flows retards fuel/air mixing. Non mixing is shown to be a potential problem in reducing the efficiency of supersonic as well as subsonic combustion. Techniques for enhancing fuel/air mixing and combustion are described

A variance-minimization scheme for optimizing Jastrow factors

We describe a new scheme for optimizing many-electron trial wave functions by minimizing the unreweighted variance of the energy using stochastic integration and correlated-sampling techniques. The scheme is restricted to parameters that are linear in the exponent of a Jastrow correlation factor, which are the most important parameters in the wave functions we use. The scheme is highly efficient and allows us to investigate the parameter space more closely than has been possible before. We search for multiple minima of the variance in the parameter space and compare the wave functions obtained using reweighted and unreweighted variance minimization.Comment: 19 pages; 12 figure

The time-reversal test for stochastic quantum dynamics

The calculation of quantum dynamics is currently a central issue in theoretical physics, with diverse applications ranging from ultra-cold atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) to condensed matter, biology, and even astrophysics. Here we demonstrate a conceptually simple method of determining the regime of validity of stochastic simulations of unitary quantum dynamics by employing a time-reversal test. We apply this test to a simulation of the evolution of a quantum anharmonic oscillator with up to $6.022\times10^{23}$ (Avogadro's number) of particles. This system is realisable as a Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice, for which the time-reversal procedure could be implemented experimentally.Comment: revtex4, two figures, four page

Importance of high-angular-momentum channels in pseudopotentials for quantum Monte Carlo

Quantum Monte Carlo methods provide in principle a highly accurate treatment of the many-body problem of calculating the ground and excited states of condensed systems. In practice, however, uncontrolled errors, such as those arising from the fixed-node and pseudopotential approximations can be problematic. We show that the accuracy of some quantum Monte Carlo calculations is limited by the properties of currently available pseudopotentials. The use of pseudopotentials involves several approximations, and we will focus on one that is relatively simple to correct during the pseudopotential design phase. It is necessary to include angular-momentum channels in the pseudopotential for excited angular-momentum states and to choose the local channel appropriately to obtain accurate results. Variational and diffusion Monte Carlo calculations for Zn, O, and Si atoms and ions demonstrate these issues. Adding higher-angular-momentum channels into the pseudopotential description reduces such errors without a significant increase in computational cost