107 research outputs found
Sigma-phase in Fe-Cr and Fe-V alloy systems and its physical properties
A review is presented on physical properties of the sigma-phase in Fe-Cr and
Fe-V alloy systems as revealed both with experimental -- mostly with the
Mossbauer spectroscopy -- and theoretical methods. In particular, the following
questions relevant to the issue have been addressed: identification of sigma
and determination of its structural properties, kinetics of alpha-to-sigma and
sigma-to-alpha phase transformations, Debye temperature and Fe-partial phonon
density of states, Curie temperature and magnetization, hyperfine fields,
isomer shifts and electric field gradients.Comment: 26 pages, 23 figures and 83 reference
Well-posedness of logarithmic spiral vortex sheets
We consider a family of 2D logarithmic spiral vortex sheets which include the
celebrated spirals introduced by Prandtl (Vortr\"age aus dem Gebiete der Hydro-
und Aerodynamik, 1922) and by Alexander (Phys. Fluids, 1971). We prove that for
each such spiral the normal component of the velocity field remains continuous
across the spiral. Moreover, we give a complete characterization of such
spirals in terms of weak solutions of the 2D incompressible Euler equations.
Namely, we show that a spiral gives rise to such a solution if and only if two
conditions hold across every spiral: a velocity matching condition and a
pressure matching condition. Furthermore we show that these two conditions are
equivalent to the imaginary part and the real part, respectively, of a single
complex constraint on the coefficients of the spirals. This in particular
provides a rigorous mathematical framework for logarithmic spirals, an issue
that has remained open since their introduction by Prandtl in 1922. Another
consequence of the main result is well-posedness of the symmetric Alexander
spiral with two branches, despite recent evidence for the contrary. Our main
tools are new explicit formulas for the velocity field and for the pressure
function, as well as a notion of a winding number of a spiral, which gives a
robust way of localizing the spirals' arms with respect to a given point in the
plane.Comment: 25 pages, 3 figure
Finite-time blowup in a supercritical quasilinear parabolic-parabolic Keller-Segel system in dimension 2
In this paper we prove finite-time blowup of radially symmetric solutions to
the quasilinear parabolic-parabolic two-dimensional Keller-Segel system for any
positive mass. This is done in case of nonlinear diffusion and also in the case
of nonlinear cross-diffusion provided the nonlinear chemosensitivity term is
assumed not to decay. Moreover, it is shown that the above-mentioned lack of
non-decay assumption is essential with respect to keeping the dichotomy
finite-time blowup against boundedness of solutions. Namely, we prove that
without the non-decay assumption possible asymptotic behaviour of solutions
includes also infinite-time blowup.Comment: 14 page
Removal of nicotine from indoor air using titania-modified polypropylene fibers: nicotine decomposition by titania-modified polypropylene fibers
Evidence for Different Freeze-Out Radii of High- and Low-Energy Pions Emitted in Au+Au Collisions at 1 GeV/nucleon
Double differential production cross sections of negative and positive pions
and the number of participating protons have been measured in central Au+Au
collisions at 1 GeV per nucleon incident energy. At low pion energies the pi^-
yield is strongly enhanced over the pi^+ yield. The energy dependence of the
pi^-/pi^+ ratio is assigned to the Coulomb interaction of the charged pions
with the protons in the reaction zone. The deduced Coulomb potential increases
with increasing pion c.m. energy. This behavior indicates different freeze-out
radii for different pion energies in the c.m.~frame.Comment: IKDA is the Institute for Nuclear Physics in Darmstadt/German
Adenosine A2A receptors in Parkinson’s disease treatment
Latest results on the action of adenosine A2A receptor antagonists indicate their potential therapeutic usefulness in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Basal ganglia possess high levels of adenosine A2A receptors, mainly on the external surfaces of neurons located at the indirect tracts between the striatum, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra. Experiments with animal models of Parkinson’s disease indicate that adenosine A2A receptors are strongly involved in the regulation of the central nervous system. Co-localization of adenosine A2A and dopaminergic D2 receptors in striatum creates a milieu for antagonistic interaction between adenosine and dopamine. The experimental data prove that the best improvement of mobility in patients with Parkinson’s disease could be achieved with simultaneous activation of dopaminergic D2 receptors and inhibition of adenosine A2A receptors. In animal models of Parkinson’s disease, the use of selective antagonists of adenosine A2A receptors, such as istradefylline, led to the reversibility of movement dysfunction. These compounds might improve mobility during both monotherapy and co-administration with L-DOPA and dopamine receptor agonists. The use of adenosine A2A receptor antagonists in combination therapy enables the reduction of the L-DOPA doses, as well as a reduction of side effects. In combination therapy, the adenosine A2A receptor antagonists might be used in both moderate and advanced stages of Parkinson’s disease. The long-lasting administration of adenosine A2A receptor antagonists does not decrease the patient response and does not cause side effects typical of L-DOPA therapy. It was demonstrated in various animal models that inhibition of adenosine A2A receptors not only decreases the movement disturbance, but also reveals a neuroprotective activity, which might impede or stop the progression of the disease. Recently, clinical trials were completed on the use of istradefylline (KW-6002), an inhibitor of adenosine A2A receptors, as an anti-Parkinson drug
Changes in soluble carbohydrates in polar Caryophyllaceae and Poaceae plants in response to chilling
Global existence and boundedness in a quasilinear attraction-repulsion chemotaxis system of parabolic-elliptic type
Primary graft dysfunction of the liver: definitions, diagnostic criteria and risk factors
Challenges in organizing effective oncology service: inter-European variability in the example of head and neck cancers
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