Diversity and seasonal variability of water chemistry of selected springs in the Olczyski Stream catchment in the Tatra Mts

W pracy przedstawiono wpływ budowy geologicznej oraz warunków meteorologicznych na zróżnicowanie i sezonową zmienność chemizmu trzech źródeł w lewobrzeżnej części zlewni Potoku Olczyskiego. Podczas prac terenowych zmierzono podstawowe cechy fizyczno-chemiczne wody oraz wydajność źródeł metodą wolumetryczną, a w laboratorium IGiGP UJ metodą chromatografii jonowej oznaczono stężenie jonów, w tym jonów głównych, związków biogennych i mikroelementów. Stwierdzono wpływ budowy geologicznej na skład chemiczny badanych wód oraz zmienność ich chemizmu w ciągu roku, spowodowaną głównie opadami deszczu i topnieniem pokrywy śnieżnej.The paper presents the influence of two factors: geology and meteorological conditions on the differentiation and the seasonal variability of the head waters chemism in the Olczyski Stream catchment in the Tatra Mts. During field work basic physico-chemical properties of water and the springs discharge were measured using the volumetric method. In the hydro-chemical laboratory of the IGiGP UJ were marked the ion concentration: Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, NH4+, Li+, HCO3-, SO42-, Cl-, NO3-, NO2-, F-, Br- (DIONEX ISC-2010). The total hardness (To), carbonate (Tw), not carbonate (Tnw) mineralization (M) and concentrations H+ were calculated. The characterized physico-chemical properties were analysed both for the passive (I–III, X–XII) and active (IV–IX) periods of the year. Water of the investigated sources is low alkaline, normal, soft and sweet. According to Mainzer’s efficiency classification the Eliasz springs belong to class V, while that No. 3 to class VI (Pazdro 1977). According to the Szczukariew-Prikłoński classification these waters belongs to the HCO3–Ca–Mg type (Maciaszczyk 1987). Minimum average values of ion concentrations were found during the active period, maximum – during the passive one; however these values in both the periods are similar. The research showed the occurrence of spatial differentiation and seasonal variability of water physico-chemical properties of the investigated springs. In the spatial differentiation of these properties appeared the influence of geology of the springs alimony area. In turn, the seasonal variability of physico-chemical properties derives from meteorological conditions before and during fieldwork. The highest concentrations of most ions occurred during autumn and winter low waters, while the lowest ones during high waters caused be snow melting and rainfall. Similar results were by A. Wolanin and M. Żelazny (2010), which allows to state that the studied springs are characterized with a typical reaction to atmospheric conditions

Zróżnicowanie i sezonowa zmienność chemizmu wybranych źródeł zlewni Potoku Olczyskiego w Tatrach

W pracy przedstawiono wpływ budowy geologicznej oraz warunków meteorologicznych na zróżnicowanie i sezonową zmienność chemizmu trzech źródeł w lewobrzeżnej części zlewni Potoku Olczyskiego. Podczas prac terenowych zmierzono podstawowe cechy fizyczno-chemiczne wody oraz wydajność źródeł metodą wolumetryczną, a w laboratorium IGiGP UJ metodą chromatografii jonowej oznaczono stężenie jonów, w tym jonów głównych, związków biogennych i mikroelementów. Stwierdzono wpływ budowy geologicznej na skład chemiczny badanych wód oraz zmienność ich chemizmu w ciągu roku, spowodowaną głównie opadami deszczu i topnieniem pokrywy śnieżnj

Changes in physical and chemical characteristics of Chochołowskie, Lodowe and Olczyskie vaucluse springs in 2009

Celem opracowania jest poznanie zmian cech fizyczno-chemicznych wód trzech wywierzysk tatrzańskich: Chochołowskiego, Lodowego i Olczyskiego. Skład chemiczny wód wywierzysk istotnie się różni w zakresie średnich stężeń Ca^{2+}, Mg^{2+}, Na^{+}, HCO_{3} i SO_{4}^{2-} (ANOVA). Za pomocą analizy składowych głównych (PCA), na podstawie relacji: wydajności, temperatury wody i składu chemicznego wody, wyznaczono dwa lub trzy czynniki (PCA), które wyjaśniają większą cześć zmian składu chemicznego wody w ciągu roku. Wykazano, że wywierzyska Olczyskie i Lodowe charakteryzują się podobnymi zmianami składu chemicznego wody, a Chochołowskie - odmiennymi.The aim of this paper is to examine the variability of physical and chemical characteristics of vaucluse springs (Chochołowskie, Lodowe and Olczyskie) in the Tatra Mts. The concentrations of Ca^{2+}, Mg^{2+}, Na^{+}, HCO_{3} i SO_{4}^{2-} (ANOVA) in water of the Chochołowskie, Lodowe and Olczyskie vaucluse springs are significantly different (ANOVA). Using principal component analysis (PCA) based on the relationship (discharge, water temperature and chemical composition), three or two factors have been determined

Springs in the High Bieszczady Mountains

Characteristic of springs occurrence in the High Bieszczady Mountains (Outer Carpathians) is presented. Types of springs, its discharge and spring density index are described. Moreover distribution of springs in relation to geological structures and tectonics of the study area have been analysed. Results of research available in publications of various authors and results obtained from mapping of springs in the Polonina Wetlinska massif which was carried out in 2009-2011 are compared in the paper

Specific base flow in the High Bieszczady Mountains

The paper presents spatial distribution of base flow in the High Bieszczady Mts. (the Outer Carpathians). Discharges in 30 investigated catchments were measured in October 2009 during low flow period. Differences observed in unit base flow were varying from 0.9 dm>sup>3 s-1 km-2 in the Niedźwiedzi catchment to 6.8 dm3 s-1 km-2 in the Hulski catchment. Occurrence of colluviums is conducive to high values of base flow. On the other hand, low values of base flow are common to catchments drained by short and shallow streams. Correlations between unit base flow and stream density, altitude or geological unit were not proved

A clinical profile and factors associated with severity of the disease among Polish patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 — an observational study

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the greatest clinical challenges of the last decades. Clinical factors associated with severity of the disease remain unclear. The aim of the study was to characterize Polish patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 and to evaluate potential prognostic factors of severe course of the disease.Material and methods: An observational study was conducted from March to July 2020 in the Pulmonology and Allergology Department of the University Hospital in Kraków, Poland. Consecutive patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) infection were enrolled, and data about past medical history, signs and symptoms, laboratory results, imaging studies results, in-hospital management and outcomes was prospectively gathered.Results: The study sample comprised 100 patients at the mean age of 59.2 (SD 16.1) years among whom 63 (63.0%) were male. Among them 10 (10.0%) died, 47 (47%) presented respiratory failure, 15 (15.0%) were transferred to the intensive care unit, 17 (17.0%) developed acute kidney injury, 7 (7.0%) had sepsis and 10 (10.0%) were diagnosed with pulmonary embolism. Multivariable analysis revealed age (OR 1.1; 95% CI 1.01–1.15), body mass index (BMI; OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.01–1.53), modified early warning score (MEWS; OR 3.95; 95% CI 1.48–12), the highest d-dimer value (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.03–2.9) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; OR 1.16; 95% CI 1.03–1.3) to be associated with severe course of COVID-19.Conclusion: This observational study showed that almost half of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 developed respiratory failure in the course of the disease. Increasing age, BMI, MEWS, d-dimer value and LDH concentration were associated with the severity of COVID-19

Geological and geomorphological condition of the hydrographic network pattern in the catchment of the Upper Wołosatka Stream (High Bieszczady Mts)

Przeprowadzono szczegółowe kartowanie hydrograficzne obejmujące m.in. układ sieci rzecznej w górnej części zlewni Wołosatki. Badania ukierunkowane były na określenie związków między współczesnym układem sieci rzecznej a budową geologiczną i rzeźbą. Dominującą rolę w kształtowaniu układu sieci rzecznej odgrywa przebieg warstw skalnych oraz obecność stref nieciągłości tektonicznych. Upad warstw skalnych decyduje o możliwości retencji wód opadowych i obok uwarunkowań klimatycznych jest czynnikiem decydującym o zasobności zbiornika wód podziemnych. Odpływ jednostkowy okresów niżówkowych w poszczególnych częściach zlewni może wynosić od 2.1 do 9.8 $l/s/km^{2}$Detailed hydrographic investigation was carried out in the catchment of Upper Wołosatka Stream. The characteristics cover the structure of hydrographic network, namely its pattern. Detailed map of stream network was created. The main factors controlling the development of the hydrological network were discussed. Geological structures played the most important role in the development of hydrographic network. The capacity of groundwater aquifer is strictly connected with the dip of flysch strata hoverer it also reflects the rain shadow effect. The unit discharge in the catchment can range in dry periods from 2.1 up to 9.8 $l/s/km^{2}

Springs of the upper Wołosatka River catchment in the Wysokie Bieszczady Mountains.

Paper presents results of mapping of springs of the upper Wołosatka River catchment (Wysokie Bieszczady Mts. -Outer Carpathians). Springs were the most common outflow type in the area (52.55%). Outflow density in the area studied (8.32 km2) was equal 23.56 per km2, while spring rate was 12.4 per km2. Outflow discharges were low and very low- most springs belong to Meinzer classes VI-VIII. Only seven springs had discharges higher than 0.5 dm3/s, and three-over 1 dm3/s. The spatial outflow distribution strongly depends on geology, tectonics and river valley direction. High density of outflows was especially observed within the Bukowe Berdo anticline, where the Otryt sandstones are alternated by thin-bedded flysch of high shale content. All these layers dip down in the opposite direction to the slope, which creates numerous springs and other outflows. Furthermore, a spectacular spring line is visible in the field lying along the Halicz fault

Data quality and patient characteristics in European ANCA-associated vasculitis registries: data retrieval by federated querying

Objectives This study aims to describe the data structure and harmonisation process, explore data quality and define characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of patients across six federated antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) registries.Methods Through creation of the vasculitis-specific Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable, VASCulitis ontology, we harmonised the registries and enabled semantic interoperability. We assessed data quality across the domains of uniqueness, consistency, completeness and correctness. Aggregated data were retrieved using the semantic query language SPARQL Protocol and Resource Description Framework Query Language (SPARQL) and outcome rates were assessed through random effects meta-analysis.Results A total of 5282 cases of AAV were identified. Uniqueness and data-type consistency were 100% across all assessed variables. Completeness and correctness varied from 49%–100% to 60%–100%, respectively. There were 2754 (52.1%) cases classified as granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), 1580 (29.9%) as microscopic polyangiitis and 937 (17.7%) as eosinophilic GPA. The pattern of organ involvement included: lung in 3281 (65.1%), ear-nose-throat in 2860 (56.7%) and kidney in 2534 (50.2%). Intravenous cyclophosphamide was used as remission induction therapy in 982 (50.7%), rituximab in 505 (17.7%) and pulsed intravenous glucocorticoid use was highly variable (11%–91%). Overall mortality and incidence rates of end-stage kidney disease were 28.8 (95% CI 19.7 to 42.2) and 24.8 (95% CI 19.7 to 31.1) per 1000 patient-years, respectively.Conclusions In the largest reported AAV cohort-study, we federated patient registries using semantic web technologies and highlighted concerns about data quality. The comparison of patient characteristics, treatment and outcomes was hampered by heterogeneous recruitment settings