L’OT nella prospettiva di un’analisi costi-benefici sul settore spazio: i satelliti Cosmo-Skymed dell’ASI

Nell’ultimo decennio, un crescente numero di immagini satellitari ad alta risoluzione si è reso accessibile per amministrazioni pubbliche, policymakers e scienziati, incrementando la quantità e la qualità di informazioni disponibili. L’osservazione terrestre fornisce informazioni preziose sia al settore pubblico che a quello privato, consentendo di affrontare – al tempo stesso e con strumenti nuovi – sfide sociali globali come il cambiamento climatico e l’inquinamento dell’aria o applicazioni locali quali l’implementazione di tecniche di agricoltura di precisione e monitoraggio delle infrastrutture urbane e di trasporto. Il presente articolo si propone, attraverso lo studio della letteratura che utilizza dati di osservazione terrestre e un’analisi bibliografica relativa a Cosmo SkyMed (CSM), di aprire la strada ad una efficace valutazione dell’impatto socioeconomico dell’attività dell’Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) con riguardo alla creazione di prodotti e servizi innovativi generati dall’Osservazione Terrestre. Buona parte dei benefici legati alla disponibilità di dati di osservazione della terra restano potenziali, inespressi e sottovalutati. La presente analisi prevede l’identificazione delle barriere organizzative e istituzionali che limitano il pieno sfruttamento delle informazioni da dati OT, così come la formulazione di solide raccomandazioni di policy al fine di valorizzare il settore downstream spaziale italiano, soprattutto in materia di economia pubblica e fiscal compliance (e.g. accertamento degli abusivismi edilizi)

Accounting for the impact of space policies: The case of the Italian Space Agency

The purpose of this work is assessing the impact of the Italian Space Agency (ASI) on the performance of the Italian space stakeholders through three specific policies, i.e. public procurement, public investment in Earth observation, and collaboration with the scientific community. This article explores multiple surveys targeting upstream and downstream companies, universities, and research centres in the space economy to estimates the cost-benefit ratio. We find that the socio-economic benefit of ASI policies is positive and, when considering upstream companies and downstream intermediate users in the field of Earth observation (EO), the impact is particularly high in the EO sector. The surveys show evidence of a positive effect of public procurement and EO data on the Italian space economy, both in terms of innovation and economic performance. Finally, we observe a significant impact of ASI also on the scientific community

INKA, an integrative data analysis pipeline for phosphoproteomic inference of active kinases

Abstract Identifying hyperactive kinases in cancer is crucial for individualized treatment with specific inhibitors. Kinase activity can be discerned from global protein phosphorylation profiles obtained with mass spectrometry‐based phosphoproteomics. A major challenge is to relate such profiles to specific hyperactive kinases fueling growth/progression of individual tumors. Hitherto, the focus has been on phosphorylation of either kinases or their substrates. Here, we combined label‐free kinase‐centric and substrate‐centric information in an Integrative Inferred Kinase Activity (INKA) analysis. This multipronged, stringent analysis enables ranking of kinase activity and visualization of kinase–substrate networks in a single biological sample. To demonstrate utility, we analyzed (i) cancer cell lines with known oncogenes, (ii) cell lines in a differential setting (wild‐type versus mutant, +/− drug), (iii) pre‐ and on‐treatment tumor needle biopsies, (iv) cancer cell panel with available drug sensitivity data, and (v) patient‐derived tumor xenografts with INKA‐guided drug selection and testing. These analyses show superior performance of INKA over its components and substrate‐based single‐sample tool KARP, and underscore target potential of high‐ranking kinases, encouraging further exploration of INKA's functional and clinical value

INKA, an integrative data analysis pipeline for phosphoproteomic inference of active kinases

Contains fulltext : 207390.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Phosphoproteomics of patient-derived xenografts identifies targets and markers associated with sensitivity and resistance to EGFR blockade in colorectal cancer

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a well-exploited therapeutic target in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Unfortunately, not all patients benefit from current EGFR inhibitors. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics and phosphoproteomics were performed on 30 genomically and pharmacologically characterized mCRC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) to investigate the molecular basis of response to EGFR blockade and identify alternative drug targets to overcome resistance. Both the tyrosine and global phosphoproteome as well as the proteome harbored distinctive response signatures. We found that increased pathway activity related to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibition and abundant tyrosine phosphorylation of cell junction proteins, such as CXADR and CLDN1/3, in sensitive tumors, whereas epithelial-mesenchymal transition and increased MAPK and AKT signaling were more prevalent in resistant tumors. Furthermore, the ranking of kinase activities in single samples confirmed the driver activity of ERBB2, EGFR, and MET in cetuximab-resistant tumors. This analysis also revealed high kinase activity of several members of the Src and ephrin kinase family in 2 CRC PDX models with genomically unexplained resistance. Inhibition of these hyperactive kinases, alone or in combination with cetuximab, resulted in growth inhibition of ex vivo PDX-derived organoids and in vivo PDXs. Together, these findings highlight the potential value of phosphoproteomics to improve our understanding of anti-EGFR treatment and response prediction in mCRC and bring to the forefront alternative drug targets in cetuximab-resistant tumors.</p