Toimenpideohje torjuntatoimista kurkkumätätapausten yhteydessä

Tämä ohje antaa tietoa torjuntatoimista, joiden tarkoituksena on ehkäistä kurkkumätätartunnan leviämistä lähiympäristöön. Se on tarkoitettu ensisijaisesti terveyskeskusten tartuntataudeista vastaavien lääkärien ja alueellisesta tartunnantorjunnasta vastaavien yksiköiden käyttöön

Detection of Enterobacterial Lipopolysaccharides and Experimental Endotoxemia by Means of an Immunolimulus Assay Using Both SerotypeSpecific and Cross-Reactive Antibodies

The immunolimulus (IML) assay system uses solid-phase endotoxin antibodies to capture lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is then quantified by a modification of the chromogenic limulus amebocyte lysate (CLAL) method. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) reactive with selected 0 antigen serotypes of Escherichia coli (O18) and Salmonella typhimurium (O-9,12), when used in the IML, were shown to be highly specific in detecting their respective endotoxins in purified form and in plasma samples from experimentally infected animals. A murine MAb that was broadly cross-reactive with E. coli, Salmonella, and Shigella endotoxins also proved to be highly effective in the IML assay for capturing LPS molecules from both E. coli and S. typhimurium strains. These results indicate that IML assays can detect smooth-type enterobacterial endotoxins in plasma and suggest that such assays have potential for use in the rapid diagnosis of sepsis and endotoxemia caused by different enterobacterial specie

Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Finland

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is no longer only hospital acquired. MRSA is defined as community acquired if the MRSA-positive specimen was obtained outside hospital settings or within 2 days of hospital admission, and if it was from a person who had not been hospitalized within 2 years before the date of MRSA isolation. To estimate the proportion of community-acquired MRSA, we analyzed previous hospitalizations for all MRSA-positive persons in Finland from1997 to 1999 by using data from the National Hospital Discharge Register. Of 526 MRSA-positive persons, 21% had community-acquired MRSA. Three MRSA strains identified by phage typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and ribotyping were associated with community acquisition. None of the strains were multiresistant, and all showed an mec hypervariable region hybridization pattern A (HVR type A). None of the epidemic multiresistant hospital strains were prevalent in nonhospitalized persons. Our population-based data suggest that community-acquired MRSA may also arise de novo, through horizontal acquisition of the mecA gene