Solutions of ionic liquids with diverse aliphatic and aromatic solutes – Phase behavior and potentials for applications:A review article

This article principally reviews our research related to liquid–liquid and solid–liquid phase behavior of imidazolium- and phosphonium-based ionic liquids, mainly having bistriflamide ([NTf2]−) or triflate ([OTf]−) anions, with several aliphatic and aromatic solutes (target molecules). The latter include: (i) diols and triols: 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol and glycerol; (ii) polymer poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG): average molecular mass 200, 400 and 2050 – PEG200 (liquid), PEG400 (liquid) and PEG2050 (solid), respectively; (iii) polar aromatic compounds: nicotine, aniline, phenolic acids (vanillic, ferulic and caffeic acid,), thymol and caffeine and (iv) non-polar aromatic compounds (benzene, toluene, p-xylene). In these studies, the effects of the cation and anion, cation alkyl chain and PEG chain lengths on the observed phase behaviors were scrutinized. Thus, one of the major observations is that the anion – bistriflamide/triflate – selection usually had strong, sometimes really remarkable effects on the solvent abilities of the studied ionic liquids. Namely, in the case of the hydrogen-bonding solutes, the ionic liquids with the triflate anion generally exhibited substantially higher solubility than those having the bistriflamide anion. Nevertheless, with the aromatic compounds the situation was the opposite – in most of the cases it was the bistriflamide anion that favoured solubility. Moreover, our other studies confirmed the ability of PEG to dissolve both polar and non-polar aromatic compounds. Therefore, two general possibilities of application of alternative, environmentally acceptable, solvents of tuneable solvent properties appeared. One is to use homogeneous mixtures of two ionic liquids having [NTf2]− and [OTf]− anions as mixed solvents. The other, however, envisages the application of homogeneous and heterogeneous (PEG + ionic liquid) solutions as tuneable solvents for aromatic solutes. Such mixed solvents have potential applications in separation of the aforesaid target molecules from their aqueous solutions or in extraction from original matrices. From the fundamental point of view the phase equilibrium studies reviewed herein and the diversity of the pure compounds – ionic liquids and target molecules – represent a good base for the discussion of interactions between the molecules that exist in the studied solutions

New Tc-99m-diiodine substituted IDA derivative (DIIODIDA) for hepatobiliary imaging

A new diiodine substituted LDA derivative, 2,4-diiodine-6-methyl IDA (DIIODIDA) was synthesized and labeled with Tc-99m. It was established that Tc-99m-DIIODIDA had high radiochemical purity. Biodistribution and influence of bilirubin on Tc-99m-DIIODIDA biokinetics has been studied in rats and compared to the corresponding results for Tc-99m-SOLCOIODIDA. Related to Tc-99m-SOLCOIODIDA, Tc-99m-DIIODIDA has much better biliary exretion (55.18 versus 43.63%). No change of Tc-99m-DIIODIDA biokinetics, under influence of bilirubin was noticed. Biliary excretion of Tc-99m-SOLCOIODIDA has been reduced for about 60%. The protein binding of Tc-99m-DIIODIDA and Tc-99m-SOLCOIODIDA were also determined, using in vitro method of precipitation. These results showed that Tc-99m-DIIODIDA hepatobiliary imaging agent is superior to the presently used Tc-99m-monoiodine IDA derivatives