Red surečenica

Pitanje reda surečenica u posljedičnim rečenicama, tj. mogućnost njihova premetanja (obrtanja), jedno je od onih nerijetkih pitanja u hrvatskome jezikoslovlju koje se smatra riješenim, a da se nitko njime nije valjano i sustavno bavio. Jednodušno se i beziznimno naime smatra da je red surečenica u posljedičnim rečenicama (i red surečenica u nekim drugim zavisnosloženim rečenicama) glavna surečenica – zavisna surečenica stalan i neobratljiv. Nije međutim točna tvrdnja da zavisnosložene rečenice za razliku od nezavisnosloženih mogu premetati red surečenica i da to ne vrijedi samo za posljedične i neke druge rečenice. Naime u nekim tipovima posljedičnih i drugih rečenica, pokazuje se to u ovome radu, zavisna surečenica može prethoditi glavnoj, tj. njezine sastavnice mogu zamijeniti mjesta.The position of a dependant consecutive clause in relation to the main clause, or in other words, the possibility of their inversion, is one of those frequently asked questions in Croatian linguistics that is considered answered, although nobody has ever studied it properly and systematically. It is unanimously and without exception considered that the order of clauses in some complex sentences (as in those expressing consequence) main clause – subordinate clause is fixed and non-invertible. However, the claim that complex sentences unlike coordinated sentences can inverse the order of clauses and that the exceptions are only consecutive clauses and some other sentences is not true. This paper shows that in some types of complex sentences expressing consequence and some other sentences, the subordinate clause can precede the main clause, or in other words, that they can switch positions

Infinitive consequential constructions

J. Melvinger u radu o supstandardnome prijedložnom infinitivu (1982.) ne spominje mogućnost infinitivne kondenzacije posljedičnih ustrojstava, ni prijedložnog ni besprijedložnog infinitiva, iako donosi primjere u kojima je riječ o infinitivnoj prijedložnoj konstrukciji koja je priložna oznaka posljedice, a ne priložna oznaka načina, kako ona tvrdi: Kožnata jakna smiješna, a šal oko vrata škaklja za poludjeti. Tu mogućnost ne spominje ni u svojoj disertaciji (iako navodi primjere koje mi razumijevamo kao posljedične konstrukcije), a ne navodi je ni M. Ivić.Infinitive consequential constructions can be divided according to a few criteria – primarily into phraseological and non-phraseological constructions. According to their place in the sentence, they can be divided into free sentence structures and structures which are a clause. Infinitive constructions are further divided into prepositional and non-prepositional sentence constructions. All infinitive consequential constructions are of the correlative type. Nonprepositonal infinite constructions are relatively rare. The phrase adjective + za + infinitive in the sentence e.g. Lijepa je za pošizit (She is so beautiful you could go crazy) differs greatly in many features from constructions which are similar at first glance, such as Krleža je težak za čitati (Krleža is difficult to read). In such phrases, preposition+infinitive limits or in some other way determines the range of meaning of the adjective which precedes it. There is a special syntactic type of preposition + infinitive constructions in which the phrase za + infinitive appears after the copula in the attributive position. To je za umrijet od smijeha (It is so that you could die laughing). To je za prste polizat (It is so that you could lick your fingers). Such infinitive phraseological constructions and expressions appear with a very small number of verbs of mostly negative semantics. All consequential infinitival constructions are a surface remnant of the sentence inserted into the prepositional phrase generated in the adjectival specifier. The subject of such sentences is almost without exception the expletive to. Most infinitive constructions are generated by phraseological consequential constructions, i.e. structurally and semantically blocked constructions. Such constructions have a permanent structure, range of usage and motivation. These are always emotional and expressive constructions with an intensificational meaning. Phraseological consequential constructions za + infinitive are degree modifiers

Intraocular non-Hodgkin lymphoma mimicking uveitis

Uveitis is an intraocular inflammation that affects the middle eye layer and causes permanent structural damage and loss of visual function. It is most commonly caused by non-infectious factors, while infection occurs in 10-20% of uveitis cases. However, there is no actual intraocular inflammation in 3-5% of patients with clinical manifestations of uveitis. In these patients, some neoplastic and non-neoplastic processes may manifest as uveitis

Osjećaj (ne)pripadanja: iskustva akulturacije druge generacije emigranata iz Bosne i Hercegovine

Contemporary migration research shows that the number of foreign-country-born migrants is increasing, which highlights the significance of research on second-generation migrants as a particular group that can expose the specifics of development courses of migrants’ life and cultural identity. The term “second generation” refers to people born in a host country, to at least one immigrant parent or people who emigrated from the country of origin at the age of 6 or less. On the other hand, the 1.5 generation (persons born in a foreign country who emigrated during the early adolescence – between 6 and 12 years old) does not exhibit a unique cultural identity but feels divided between belonging to the country of origin and the host country. According to migration studies, the second generation shows a better level of acculturation, owing to the easier learning of the language(s) and adaptation to educational and work habits. This paper explores different theoretical models (unidimensional, bidimensional, and interactive), in order to establish a framework for acculturation experiences of second-generation migrants from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Using a discourse analysis of the life stories of six second-generation emigrants from Bosnia and Herzegovina, an interpretation framework will be created consisting of three topics: self-determination and construction of identity; primary socialisation impact on the (in)homogeneity of cultural identity; connection of the second generation with the country of origin and the host country. One of the most important conclusions is that the second generation has no clearly defined identity (which is symptomatic for the 1.5 generation) and that their daily lives are marked by an intense feeling of not belonging – neither there nor here.Suvremena istraživanja migracija pokazuju da se broj migranata rođenih u inozemstvu povećava, zbog čega ističu važnost istraživanja druge generacije migranata, kao posebne skupine koja može uputiti na specifičnosti migrantskog života i smjerove razvoja kulturnog identiteta. Pojam druga generacija odnosi se na osobe rođene u zemlji primitka, kojima je najmanje jedan roditelj imigrant, ili na osobe koje su emigrirale iz zemlje porijekla sa šest godina ili manje. S druge strane, generacija 1,5 (osobe rođene u stranoj zemlji iz koje su emigrirale u ranoj adolescenciji – između šest i dvanaest godina) ne iskazuje jedinstven kulturni identitet, već osjeća podijeljenost između pripadanja zemlji porijekla i zemlji primitka. Prema studijama migracija, druga generacija pokazuje bolju razinu akulturacije, koja se odnosi na lakše učenje jezika i usvajanje obrazovnih i radnih navika. Rad ispituje različite teorijske modele (jednodimenzionalni, dvodimenzionalni i interaktivni) kako bi pronašao okvir za iskustva akulturacije druge generacije emigranata iz Bosne i Hercegovine. Primjenjujući diskurzivnu analizu životnih priča šest ispitanika – druge generacije emigranata iz BiH, kreiran je interpretativni okvir koji se sastoji od tri teme: samoodređenje i konstrukcija identiteta; utjecaj primarne socijalizacije na (ne)homogenost kulturnog identiteta te povezanost druge generacije sa zemljom porijekla i zemljom primitka. Najvažniji je zaključak da druga generacija nema jasno formiran identitet (što je simptomatično za generaciju 1,5) i da je njihov svakodnevni život obilježen intenzivnim osjećanjem nepripadanja – ni tamo, ni ovdje

"Da li, je li i li" : normativni status i raspodjela

U radu se daje pregled problema povezanih s normativnim statusom čestičnih/vezničkih skupina da li, je li i čestice/veznika li. Pokazuje se da postoji nekoliko pogrješaka povezanih s tumačenjem normativnog statusa i raspodjele tih skupina i te čestice te se provjerava normativno pravilo prema kojemu skupinu da li treba u standardnome jeziku zamijeniti česticom li (o tome se posve pogrješno često piše kao o zamjeni da li s je li, a skupina je li, s iznimkom skupine je li da koja ima funkciju dopunskoga pitanja, u standardnome jeziku ne postoji kao čestična/veznička skupina jer je njezin prvi član uvijek 3. lice prezenta glagola biti). Određuje se normativni status skupine je li, tj. pokazuje se da je ona u hrvatskome jeziku ili zastarjela ili da pripada razgovornomu stilu. Također se provjeravaju pravila u skladu s kojima se normativni status skupine da li u izravnome pitanju razlikuje od njezina statusa u neizravnome pitanju i prema kojima se skupina da li i u standardnome jeziku pojavljuje pri izricanju potvrdnosti te u alternativnim pitanjima. Donose se uvjeti zamjenjivosti skupina da li česticom/veznikom li, tj. izdvajaju se sintaktički konteksti u kojima ta zamjena nije potrebna ili nije moguća.The paper gives an overview of the problems connected with the normative status of the particle/conjunction groups da li and je li as well as the particle/conjunction li. The authors show that there are some mistakes connected with the explanation of the normative status and the distribution of these groups and this particle and they question the normative rule according to which the group da li is substituted by the particle li (this is often mistakenly considered substitution of the group da li with the group je li, although the group je li, with the exception of the group je li da which has the function of a complementary question, doesn’t exist in the standard language as the particle/conjunction group as its first element always has the 3rd person present of the verb biti). The normative status of the group je li is determined, i.e. it is shown that it is either obsolete in Croatian or it belongs to colloquial style. They also challenge the rules according to which the normative status of the group da li in a direct question is different from its status in indirect questions and according to which the group da li in the standard language appears in expressing confirmation and in alternative questions. The authors give conditions for the substitution of the group da li with the particle/conjunction li, i.e. syntactic contexts in which this change it not possible or is not necessary are given

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERFECTIONISM AND ANGER IN ADOLESCENTS

Background: As a contribution to the dimensional classification of mental disorders, which in the next edition of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) could dominate over the categorical, and in general, due to the impact of anger on the behavior of individuals in our society, it seems important to examine and analyze dimensions that represent risk factors for occurrence and development of anger disorders. Aim: To examine gender differences in the expression of the adaptive and maladaptive dimensions of perfectionism and anger (state and trait, as well as the anger expression and control) and to examine whether the dimensions of perfectionism are statistically significant predictors of anger. Subjects and methods: This study included a total of 600 primary and secondary school students (305 girls and 295 boys), 12 to 18 years old. Data were collected using a Socio-demographic Features Questionnaire for general information onto the Adaptive/ Maladaptive Perfectionism Scale (AMPS), Child-Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS), and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory- 2 Child and Adolescent (STAXI-2 C/A). Results: Statistically significant gender differences were found in the expression of the adaptive and maladaptive dimensions of perfectionism and anger. For aspects of anger, girls have been found to control their anger more often than boys. Multiple regression analysis indicates the important contribution of the dimensions of perfectionism in the explanation of anger in adolescents. Conclusion: Given the results obtained, our research represents a contribution to the definition of a dimensional diagnostic system to prevent comorbidity of mental disorders and provide more clinically relevant information about each individual. The instrument which is used to measure anger in this study (STAXI-2 C/A; Brunner & Spielberger 2009) was for the first time applied in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results of this research are a contribution to its validation

Risk Factors Associated with Cerebral Palsy in Newborns

The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors associated with cerebral palsy (CP). For this purpose, a total of 55 newborns were investigated in the case control design study, with a total of 55 additional newborns that were matched to the cases. All patients were recruited in University Clinical Hospital Mostar and other institutions in the region between 1997–2005. The comparison of the Apgar score did not seem to show significant differences between cases and controls (odds ratio [OR]=1.15, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.36–3.69). Hypoxia was more common in the CP group (36.3% vs. 5.4% in the control group; p<0.001). Additionally, cases were more frequently exposed to the infections (p<0.001), intracranial hemorrhage (p=0.002), premature delivery, before the 28th gestation week (p=0.027), as well as the premature delivery during the 28–34 gestation week (p=0.001), and 34–38 gestation week (p=0.018). Accordingly, small birth weight was associated with cases more often than controls (p=0.003). Bleeding during pregnancy was also more common in cases than controls (p=0.032), while the breech presentation, emergency cesarean section, hydrocephalus, placenta disorders and pre-eclampsia were not associated with CP. The results suggest that CP cases were more commonly exposed to numerous risks, which all seem to contribute to the increased chances of CP. Traditional indicator, poor Apgar score was not found to be significantly associated with the CP

Stajališta i navike adolescenata prema oralnome zdravlju u Hercegovini

The aim of the study was to determine attitudes towards and habits in oral health of adolescents in Herzegovina, as well as to evaluate the possible differences in habits among individuals of different adolescent categories. The study included 120 participants (35 male and 85 female) divided into three adolescent categories, as follows: early (11-14 years of age), middle (15-18 years) and late (19-21 years) adolescence, from the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton, who presented for dental examination. All participants completed the socio-demographic questionnaire and standardized Hiroshima University Dental Behavioral Inventory (HU-DBI). The answers provided by study adolescents in the HU-DBI showed statistically significant differences among particular age groups, i.e. between early and middle adolescence in items 7 (p=0.046) and 15 (p=0.007); between middle and late adolescence in items 8 (p=0.021), 11 (p=0.04) and 12 (p=0.027); and between middle and late adolescence in item 11 (p=0.032). Respondents in middle adolescence had poorer oral hygiene attitudes than those in early and late adolescence. In order to improve the oral hygiene habits of adolescents in Herzegovina, it is necessary to put emphasis on continuous education about oral hygiene habits during their secondary education.Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je utvrditi stajališta i navike adolescenata prema oralnome zdravlju u Hercegovini, kao i procijeniti moguće razlike u navikama između ispitanika različitih adolescentskih kategorija. U istraživanje je bilo uključeno 120 ispitanika (35 muških, 85 ženskih) podijeljenih u tri adolescentske kategorije: ranu (11-14 godina), srednju (15-18 godina) i kasnu (19-21 godina) adolescentsku dob s područja Hercegovačko-neretvanske županije, koji su došli na dentalni pregled. Svi ispitanici ispunili su Sociodemografski upitnik i standardizirani Hiroshima University-Dental Behavioral Inventory (HU-DBI). U odgovorima iz upitnika HU-DBI utvrđene su statistički značajne razlike s obzirom na dobne skupine adolescenata: između rane i srednje adolescentske dobi u 7. (p=0,046) i 15. (p=0,007) pitanju, između srednje i kasne adolescencije u 8. (p=0,021), 11. (p=0,04) i 12. (p=0,027) pitanju te između srednje i kasne adolescencije u 11. (p=0,032) pitanju. Ispitanici u srednjoj adolescenciji imali su lošije oralno-higijenske stavove od ispitanika u ranoj i kasnoj adolescenciji. Provedba obrazovnih programa o promicanju oralnog zdravlja tijekom srednjoškolskog obrazovanja potrebna je radi unaprjeđenja oralnohigijenskih navika kod adolescenata u Hercegovini

DJELOVANJE POREZA NA PROMET NEKRETNINA NA TRŽIŠTE NEKRETNINA : Diplomski rad

Cilj ovog rada bio je kvantificirati utjecaj kojeg porez na promet nekretnina ima na tržište nekretnina u odabranim europskim zemljama. U tu svrhu koristila se panel analiza, a promatrani period obuhvatio je razdoblje od 2009. do 2013. godine. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da porez na promet nekretnina ima jak i negativan, statistički značajan utjecaj na prihode ostvarene u sektoru nekretnina. Nadalje, rezultati su pokazali negativan, ali ne i statistički značajan, utjecaj poreza na promet nekretnina na broj zaposlenih u sektoru nekretnina. Konačno, rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da porez na promet nekretnina ima negativan, statistički značajan, utjecaj na broj poduzeća u sektoru nekretnina. Međutim, valja napomenuti da su se neke kontrolne varijable pokazale značajnijima po pitanju utjecaja na tržište nekretnina i to prvenstveno inflacija i BDP per capita.The aim of this paper was to quantify the impact of real estate transfer tax on the real estate markets in selected European countries. Panel analysis was used for this purpose, and the observed period covered the period from 2009. to 2013. The results showed that real estate transfer tax has strong and negative, statistically significant, impact on the income earned in the real estate sector. Further, the results showed that the real estate transfer tax has a negative, although not statistically significant, impact on the number of employees in the real estate sector. Finally, research showed that real estate transfer tax has a negative, statistically significant impact on the number of companies in the real estate sector. However, it should be noted that some control variables have shown more significant impact on the real estate market, primarily inflation and GDP per capita

Political stability in deeply divided societies: evidence from post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina

Ovaj članak istražuje uzroke političke stabilnosti u duboko podijeljenim društvima. Oslanjajući se na literaturu o konsocijacionalizmu i postkonfliktnom upravljanju, na slučaju postdejtonske Bosne i Hercegovine (BiH) utvrđuju se periodi političke stabilnosti i objašnjavaju njihovi uzroci. Prema široko rasprostranjenim argumentima o BiH, konsocijacijski institucionalni dizajn je preslikao i učvrstio duboke etničke podjele i pojačao centrifugalne i nacionalističke politike, dok su istovremeno spoljašnji akteri kroz svoj intervencionizam nastojali državu učiniti stabilnom i funkcionalnom. Kada su spoljašnji akteri ublažili svoj intervencionistički pristup početkom 2006. politička situacija se počela pogoršavati. Cilj članka je da se periodi političke stabilnosti objasne putem utvrđivanja uzroka nastalih u međuodnosu između spoljašnjih aktera i lokalnih elita u ograničavajućem strukturalnom i institucionalnom kontekstu. U članku se tvrdi da politička stabilnost pored uticaja spoljašnjih aktera zavisi i od toga koje su stranke u vlasti, odnosno da li su u pitanju umjerene ili tvrdolinijaške stranke.This article explores the causes of political stability in deeply divided societies. Building upon literature on consociationalism and post-conflict management, in the case of post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina, we determine periods of political stability and explain their causes. According to the widespread arguments on BiH, consociational institutional design has replicated and cemented deep ethnic cleavages and bolstered centrifugal and nationalistic politics, while external actors tried simultaneously to make the state stabile and functional through their interventionist involvement. When the external actors mitigated their interventionalist approach in early 2006, the political situation began to deteriorate. The goal of the article is to explain periods of political stability by identifying the causes arising from the interaction between external actors and local elites within a constraining structural and institutional context. It argues that, alongside external actors, the political stability depends on the type of governing parties i.e. whether they are moderate or hardlines