State Management of Social Security in Vietnam

In recent years, Vietnam has made remarkable progress in ensuring social security, which is clearly shown through the development and good implementation of insurance policies, contributing to reducing difficulties and stabilizing people life and social welfare and people’s lives continue to be improved. However, in the context of international integration and Industrial revolution 4.0, state management of social security faces many challenges. This article clarifies the requirements of international integration and Industry revolution 4.0 for state management of social security

SCREENING ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF VIETNAMESE PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST HUMAN PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

Objectives: Infectious diseases caused by bacteria are a leading cause of death worldwide. Hence, the objectives of the study are aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity against five human pathogenic bacteria of methanolic extracts from 66 plants collected from Vietnam. Methods: The broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of methanol extracts of 66 plant species against five bacterial strains. Results: In this study, all the plant extracts were active against at least one train with MIC values ranging from 24 to 2048 μg/mL. Twenty-five plant extracts were active against all three Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus). Of these, the extracts of Macaranga trichocarpa (Rchb. f. and Zoll.) Mull. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae), Calophyllum inophyllum L. (Clusiaceae) and Caryodaphnopsis baviensis (Lecomte) Airy Shaw (Lauraceae) exhibited the highest antibacterial activity (MIC =24–128 μg/mL), followed by extracts of Betula alnoides Buch.- Ham. e × . D. Don (Betulaceae), Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq. (Rutaceae), Croton alpinus A. Chev. ex Gagnep. (Euphorbiaceae) (MIC =64–256 μg/mL). Furthermore, the extract of Rhus chinensis Mill. (Anacardiaceae) and Annona reticulata L. (Annonaceae) exhibited potent antibacterial activity against the two Bacillus species (MIC =32–64 μg/mL). Conclusion: Results of this study reveal that plant extracts from Vietnam have highly antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. These results suggest that Vietnamese plant extracts may be a rich source of antibacterial drugs

Investigation of the EXAFS Cumulants of Silicon and Germanium Semiconductors by Statistical Moment Method: Pressure Dependence

Pressure dependence of Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) cumulants of silicon and germanium have been investigated using the statistical moment method (SMM). Analytical expressions of the first and second cumulants of silicon and germanium have been derived. The equations of states for silicon and germanium semiconductors have been also obtained using which the pressure dependence of lattice constants and volume of these semiconductors have been estimated. Numerical results using the developed theories for these semiconductors are found to be in good and reasonable agreement with those of the other theories and with experiment

Pressure Dependence of EXAFS Debye-Waller Factors in Crystals

In present article the pressure dependence of Debye-Waller factors in crystals has been investigated by using statistical moment method and anharmonic correlated Einstein model. These two methods provide similar results which indicate that the Debye-Waller factors of crystals decreases slightly under high pressure. Our numerical results for several crystals are compared to other theoretical and experimental values and showed a good agreement

New quinazolinone-based Mannich bases: Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxic evaluation

This research presents the synthesis of new quinazolinone-based Mannich bases in good yields via a three-step procedure. The first step is the reaction of 6-hydroxyanthranilic acid 1 with an excess of acetic anhydride at 150°C for 2 h to afford benzoxazinone 2 in 87% yield. Compound 2 is then reacted with 4-aminophenol in DMSO at reflux for 7 h to give compound 3 in 75% yield. Finally, the reaction of 3 with paraformadehyde and secondary amines in ethanol affords new quinazolinone-based Mannich bases 4a-c and 5a-e in 55-70% yields. The structure of Mannich bases have been characterized by NMR and MS spectra. The bio-assay results show that some new Mannich bases exhibited weak to moderate cytotoxic activity against SKLu-1 and MCF-7 cell lines

Network Coding with Multimedia Transmission and Cognitive Networking: An Implementation based on Software-Defined Radio

Network coding (NC) is considered a breakthrough to improve throughput, robustness, and security of wireless networks. Although the theoretical aspects of NC have been extensively investigated, there have been only few experiments with pure NC schematics. This paper presents an implementation of NC under a two-way relay model and extends it to two non-straightforward scenarios: (i) multimedia transmission with layered coding and multiple-description coding, and (ii) cognitive radio with Vandermonde frequency division multiplexing (VFDM). The implementation is in real time and based on software-defined radio (SDR). The experimental results show that, by combining NC and source coding, we can control the quality of the received multimedia content in an on-demand manner. Whereas in the VFDM-based cognitive radio, the quality of the received content in the primary receiver is low (due to imperfect channel estimation) yet retrievable. Our implementation results serve as a proof for the practicability of network coding in relevant applications

Vertical transmission and early diagnosis of the microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatonaei in Whiteleg Shrimp Penaeus vannamei

Microsporidia, which are ubiquitous obligate intracellular parasites responsible for a variety of diseases and economic losses in farming, have different transmission strategies. While horizontal transmission relies on sufûcient parasite numbers released into environment, vertical transmission requires host reproduction to occur leading to a lower virulence, and also induces a sex ratio distortion. The second strategy has been reported in a broad range of hosts from protists to mammals, in which insects and amphipod crustaceans as the most common. The present study shows the first evidence of vertical transmission of a microsporidia in decapod crustaceans via an experimental description of the infection by Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) in whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei. The group of healthy shrimp was infected with EHP by feeding with infected-shrimp tissue and sharing habitat. The presence of EHP in the infected shrimps was detected by using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method with specific primers EHP-510F/EHP-510R and histopathological analysis. The Nauplius, Zoae 1 and Zoae 2 stages collected from the infected female broodstocks demonstrated that EHP can infect offspring from their parental shrimp, and interestingly EHP can be detected from Nauplius stage of shrimp by the use of PCR method

Virulence factors in Escherichia coli isolated from calves with diarrhea in Vietnam

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and characteristics of pathogenic Escherichia (E.) coli strains from diarrheic calves in Vietnam. A total of 345 E. coli isolates obtained from 322 diarrheic calves were subjected to PCR and multiplex PCR for detection of the f5, f41, f17, eae, sta, lt, stx1, and stx2 genes. Of the 345 isolates, 108 (31.3%) carried at least one fimbrial gene. Of these 108 isolates, 50 carried genes for Shiga toxin and one possessed genes for both enterotoxin and Shiga toxin. The eae gene was found in 34 isolates (9.8%), 23 of which also carried stx genes. The Shiga toxin genes were detected in 177 isolates (51.3%) and the number of strains that carried stx1, stx2 and stx1/stx2 were 46, 73 and 58, respectively. Among 177 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli isolates, 89 carried the ehxA gene and 87 possessed the saa gene. Further characterization of the stx subtypes showed that among 104 stx1-positive isolates, 58 were the stx1c variant and 46 were the stx1 variant. Of the 131 stx2-positive strains, 48 were stx2, 48 were stx2c, 11 were stx2d, 17 were stx2g, and seven were stx2c/stx2g subtypes. The serogroups most prevalent among the 345 isolates were O15, O20, O103 and O157

Network Coding with Multimedia Transmission and Cognitive Networking: An Implementation based on Software-Defined Radio

Network coding (NC) is considered a breakthrough to improve throughput, robustness, and security of wireless networks. Although the theoretical aspects of NC have been extensively investigated, there have been only few experiments with pure NC schematics. This paper presents an implementation of NC under a two-way relay model and extends it to two\ua0non-straightforward scenarios: (i) multimedia transmission with layered coding and multiple-description coding, and (ii) cognitive radio with Vandermonde frequency division multiplexing (VFDM). The implementation is in real time and based on software-defined radio (SDR). The experimental results show that, by combining NC and source coding, we can control the quality of the received multimedia content in an on-demand manner. Whereas in the VFDM-based cognitive radio, the quality of the received content in the primary receiver is low (due to imperfect channel estimation) yet retrievable. Our implementation results serve as a proof for the practicability of network coding in relevant applications