Advertising effects on awareness, consideration and brand choice using tracking data

Using weekly data on advertising expenditures in various media and response data on awareness, consideration and choice, we test the hierarchy of effects hypothesis. Our empirical results, based on a simultaneous equations model with pooled parameters across brands, suggest that we can reject this hypothesis convincingly. Next, we consider a vector error correction model, again with pooled parameters, to see if there are dynamic effects of advertising. For the category under scrutiny, we find that most advertising effects exist for awareness, although at the same time there are effects for choice. Newspaper advertising turns out to be most influential

The association of socioeconomic status on treatment strategy in patients with stage I and II breast cancer in the Netherlands

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that socioeconomic status (SES) influences breast cancer therapy. However, these studies were performed in countries with unequal access to healthcare. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate whether SES also contributes to the likelihood of receiving a certain therapy in the Netherlands, a country with supposedly equal access to healthcare. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From the Netherlands Cancer Registry, 105,287 patients with newly diagnosed stage I or II breast cancer diagnosed between 2011 and 2018 were selected for analysis. SES was calculated from the average incomes of each postal code, which were divided into 10 deciles. Primary outcome was the effect of SES on the likelihood of undergoing surgery and secondary outcome was the effect of SES on the likelihood of the type of surgery. Both outcomes were corrected for patient, tumor, and hospital characteristics and were expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: SES did not affect the likelihood of a breast cancer patient to undergo surgery (OR 1.00 per 10% stratum). In contrast, increased age and higher tumor stage were the most important factors determining whether patients underwent surgery. Patients with higher SES were less likely to undergo mastectomy (OR 0.98). Additionally, more recently diagnosed patients were less likely to undergo mastectomy (OR 0.93 per year) while patients with higher tumor stage were more likely to undergo mastectomy (OR 3.42). CONCLUSION: SES does not affect whether a patient undergoes surgery; however, higher SES increased the likelihood of BCT

Healthy or not: influencing attention to bias food choices

Health and self-regulatio

Героическое в произведениях А.А. Фета о Крымской войне в контексте эстетической полемики ХIХ века

Проблемы героического в военной прозе и поэзии А.А Фета рассматриваются в контексте эстетической полемики второй половины Х1Х века. В ходе исследования литературно-критических материалов и произведений поэта делается попытка пересмотреть существование традиционных стереотипов относительно творчества и личной жизни художника-эстета и прийти к выводу: военная тематика поэта "чистого искусства" не была обособленной от всего его литературного наследия, она органически вписывалась в его эстетическую программу. Героическое в эстетике и творчестве А. Фета представлено наравне с категорией красоты как составляющей категории прекрасного.Проблеми героiчного в военiй прозi та поезii А.А.Фета разглядаються в контекстi літературної полемікі другоїї половини Х1Х сторіччя. В ході дослiдництва лiтературно-крiтичних матерiалiв та творiв поета робиться спроба переглянути iснування традицiйних стереотипiв вiдносно творчостi та особистого життя художника- естета та прийти до висновка: вiйськова тематика поета "чистого мистецтва" не була вiдокремленою вiд всii його спадщини, вона органiчно вписувалась в його естетичну програму. Героiчне в естетицi та творчостi А.Фета надано нарiвнi з категорiєю красоти, як складовоi категорii прекрасного.Heroic problems in war prose and poetry of A.A.Fet are examined in the context of literal controversy of the second part of the 19thcenturi. In the way of research of literal and critical materials and works of the poet the attempt is making to reexamine existence of formed stereotypes which are related to creative work and personal life of artist-design and go up to the conclusion that poet?s war subject-matter of "pure art" was not isolated from all his legacy. It enters organically into his aesthetic program

What I see is what I want: top-down attention biasing choice behavior

Health and self-regulatio

Spiral Vein Reconstruction of the Infected Abdominal Aorta Using the Greater Saphenous Vein: Preliminary Results of the Tilburg Experience

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate patients, who underwent spiral vein reconstruction of the abdominal aorta to repair infected aneurysms or replace infected aortic grafts.MethodsAll spiral vein reconstructions between March 2005 and May 2010 because of vascular infections of the abdominal aorta were retrospectively included. Diagnosis was determined by clinical examination, laboratory results, computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) scan, and microbiological tests. Spiral vein reconstruction consisted of harvesting the greater saphenous vein (GSV) and construction into a spiral graft, aortic reconstruction and a transmesenteric omentumplasty. Primary outcomes were survival and limb salvage. Secondary outcomes included technical, clinical and ongoing success, re-infection, ongoing infection and patency.ResultsAll five patients survived surgery, and there were no in-hospital deaths. Survival and limb salvage were 100% after median follow-up of 13 months (6–67 months). Further, technical, clinical and continuing success was 100%. There were no re-infections or ongoing infections.ConclusionsSpiral vein reconstruction using the GSV showed good short-term survival and limb salvage. It, therefore, might be considered as an attractive treatment method for vascular infections of the abdominal aorta. Still, more follow-up is needed to evaluate long-term results

Gender differences in health status and adverse outcomes among patients with peripheral arterial disease

Background Few studies have examined gender differences in health status and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). This study assessed (1) self‐reported health status at PAD diagnosis and 12‐months later, and explored (2) whether outcomes in women with PAD differ with regard to long‐term major adverse events. Methods and Results A A total of 816 patients (285 women) with PAD were enrolled from 2 vascular clinics in the Netherlands. Baseline clinical data and subsequent adverse events were recorded and patients completed the Short Form‐12 (SF‐12, Physical Component Score [PCS] and Mental Component Score [MCS]) upon PAD diagnosis and 12‐months later. Women had similar ages and clinical characteristics, but poorer socio‐economic status and more depressive symptoms at initial diagnosis, as compared with men. Women also had poorer physical (PCS: 37±10 versus 40±10, P=0.004) and mental (MCS: 47±12 versus 49±11, P=0.005) health status at the time of presentation. At 12‐months, women still reported a poorer overall PCS score (41±12 versus 46±11, P=0.006) and MCS score (42±14 versus 49±12, P=0.002). Female gender was an independent determinant of a poorer baseline and 12‐month PCS and MCS scores. However, there were no significant differences by gender on either mortality (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR]=0.93, 95% CI 0.60;1.44, P=0.74) or major adverse events (unadjusted HR=0.90, 95% CI 0.63;1.29, P=0.57), after a median follow‐up of 3.2 years. Conclusions Women's physical and mental health status is compromised both at initial PAD diagnosis and at 12‐month follow‐up, despite experiencing a similar magnitude of change in their health scores throughout the first 12‐months after diagnosis

Gender differences in health status and adverse outcomes among patients with peripheral arterial disease

Background Few studies have examined gender differences in health status and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). This study assessed (1) self‐reported health status at PAD diagnosis and 12‐months later, and explored (2) whether outcomes in women with PAD differ with regard to long‐term major adverse events.Methods and Results AA total of 816 patients (285 women) with PAD were enrolled from 2 vascular clinics in the Netherlands. Baseline clinical data and subsequent adverse events were recorded and patients completed the Short Form‐12 (SF‐12, Physical Component Score [PCS] and Mental Component Score [MCS]) upon PAD diagnosis and 12‐months later. Women had similar ages and clinical characteristics, but poorer socio‐economic status and more depressive symptoms at initial diagnosis, as compared with men. Women also had poorer physical (PCS: 37±10 versus 40±10, P=0.004) and mental (MCS: 47±12 versus 49±11, P=0.005) health status at the time of presentation. At 12‐months, women still reported a poorer overall PCS score (41±12 versus 46±11, P=0.006) and MCS score (42±14 versus 49±12, P=0.002). Female gender was an independent determinant of a poorer baseline and 12‐month PCS and MCS scores. However, there were no significant differences by gender on either mortality (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR]=0.93, 95% CI 0.60;1.44, P=0.74) or major adverse events (unadjusted HR=0.90, 95% CI 0.63;1.29, P=0.57), after a median follow‐up of 3.2 years.Conclusions Women's physical and mental health status is compromised both at initial PAD diagnosis and at 12‐month follow‐up, despite experiencing a similar magnitude of change in their health scores throughout the first 12‐months after diagnosis

Gender differences in health status and adverse outcomes among patients with peripheral arterial disease

Background Few studies have examined gender differences in health status and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). This study assessed (1) self‐reported health status at PAD diagnosis and 12‐months later, and explored (2) whether outcomes in women with PAD differ with regard to long‐term major adverse events.Methods and Results AA total of 816 patients (285 women) with PAD were enrolled from 2 vascular clinics in the Netherlands. Baseline clinical data and subsequent adverse events were recorded and patients completed the Short Form‐12 (SF‐12, Physical Component Score [PCS] and Mental Component Score [MCS]) upon PAD diagnosis and 12‐months later. Women had similar ages and clinical characteristics, but poorer socio‐economic status and more depressive symptoms at initial diagnosis, as compared with men. Women also had poorer physical (PCS: 37±10 versus 40±10, P=0.004) and mental (MCS: 47±12 versus 49±11, P=0.005) health status at the time of presentation. At 12‐months, women still reported a poorer overall PCS score (41±12 versus 46±11, P=0.006) and MCS score (42±14 versus 49±12, P=0.002). Female gender was an independent determinant of a poorer baseline and 12‐month PCS and MCS scores. However, there were no significant differences by gender on either mortality (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR]=0.93, 95% CI 0.60;1.44, P=0.74) or major adverse events (unadjusted HR=0.90, 95% CI 0.63;1.29, P=0.57), after a median follow‐up of 3.2 years.Conclusions Women's physical and mental health status is compromised both at initial PAD diagnosis and at 12‐month follow‐up, despite experiencing a similar magnitude of change in their health scores throughout the first 12‐months after diagnosis