Layering transitions for adsorbing polymers in poor solvents

An infinite hierarchy of layering transitions exists for model polymers in solution under poor solvent or low temperatures and near an attractive surface. A flat histogram stochastic growth algorithm known as FlatPERM has been used on a self- and surface interacting self-avoiding walk model for lengths up to 256. The associated phases exist as stable equilibria for large though not infinite length polymers and break the conjectured Surface Attached Globule phase into a series of phases where a polymer exists in specified layer close to a surface. We provide a scaling theory for these phases and the first-order transitions between them.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Pulling absorbing and collapsing polymers from a surface

A self-interacting polymer with one end attached to a sticky surface has been studied by means of a flat-histogram stochastic growth algorithm known as FlatPERM. We examined the four-dimensional parameter space of the number of monomers up to 91, self-attraction, surface attraction and force applied to an end of the polymer. Using this powerful algorithm the \emph{complete} parameter space of interactions and force has been considered. Recently it has been conjectured that a hierarchy of states appears at low temperature/poor solvent conditions where a polymer exists in a finite number of layers close to a surface. We find re-entrant behaviour from a stretched phase into these layering phases when an appropriate force is applied to the polymer. We also find that, contrary to what may be expected, the polymer desorbs from the surface when a sufficiently strong critical force is applied and does \emph{not} transcend through either a series of de-layering transitions or monomer-by-monomer transitions.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Influence of long-range correlated surface and near the surface disorder on the process of adsorption of long-flexible polymer chains

The influence of long-range correlated surface and decaying near surface disorder with quenched defects is studied. We consider a correlation function for the defects of the form $\frac{e^{-z/\xi}}{r^{a}}$, where $a<d-1$ and $z$ being the coordinate in the direction perpendicular to the surface and $r$ denotes the distance parallel to the surface. We investigate the process of adsorption of long-flexible polymer chains with excluded volume interactions on a "marginal" and attractive wall in the framework of renormalization group field theoretical approach up to first order of perturbation theory in a double ($\epsilon$,$\delta$)- expansion ($\epsilon=4-d$, $\delta=3-a$) for the semi-infinite $|\phi|^4$ $O(m,n)$ model with the above mentioned type of surface and near the surface disorder in the limit $m,n\to 0$. In particular we study two limiting cases. First, we investigate the scenario where the chain's extension it much larger then $\xi$. Second, we consider the case where the chain's extension is of the order of $\xi$. For both cases we obtained series for bulk and the whole set of surface critical exponents, characterizing the process of adsorption of long-flexible polymer chains at the surface. The polymer linear dimensions parallel and perpendicular to the surface and the corresponding partition functions as well as the behavior of monomer density profiles and the fraction of adsorbed monomers at the surface and in the volume are studied.Comment: 31 pages, 5 figures, 2 table

Conformational Mechanics of Polymer Adsorption Transitions at Attractive Substrates

Conformational phases of a semiflexible off-lattice homopolymer model near an attractive substrate are investigated by means of multicanonical computer simulations. In our polymer-substrate model, nonbonded pairs of monomers as well as monomers and the substrate interact via attractive van der Waals forces. To characterize conformational phases of this hybrid system, we analyze thermal fluctuations of energetic and structural quantities, as well as adequate docking parameters. Introducing a solvent parameter related to the strength of the surface attraction, we construct and discuss the solubility-temperature phase diagram. Apart from the main phases of adsorbed and desorbed conformations, we identify several other phase transitions such as the freezing transition between energy-dominated crystalline low-temperature structures and globular entropy-dominated conformations.Comment: 13 pages, 15 figure

New Approach to Nanostructured Electrodes Fabrication

The aim of this work is preparation of nanostructured electrodes, whose surface is modi- fied by solid gold amalgam nanorods. Nanostructured electrodes are prepared by anodization of tung- sten/aluminium layers and consequently electrochemical deposition of gold into the pre made nanopo- rous alumina template. This is followed by deposition of mercury on the produced gold nanorods and after alumina template removing, the nanostructured gold amalgame will be formed on the electrode surface

Measurement of the Shear Bond Stability of Different Generation Dental Adhesives

The study was aimed at comparison of adhesion of 4th to 6th generation of dentin adhesives by measuring the shear bond strength according to method ISO/TR 11405:1994(E). The study compared the adhesion systems Prompt L-Pop (6th generation), Excite and Prime & Bond NT belonging to the 5th generation, All Bond 2 from the 4th generation of adhesive and Evicrol Dual Bond, which belongs to 2nd generation of adhesives served as a control material. The etching of dentin was performed by the recommended conditioner based of phosphoric acid with the exception of Prompt L-Pop, in the case of Excite the etching was also performed by "no name" etching gel of similar composition for the sake of comparison. The adhesives were combined with two types of filling materials, the micro-hybrid composite Charisma and the Dyract AP compomer. In the Dyract AP compomer the authors also tested a procedure without dentin etching. In each adhesive the shear strength was tested in the group of 8-14 intact grinding molar with the use of measuring preparation Bencor Multi-T. It has become obvious that Prompt L-Pop provides an easier and faster application, while the bonding stability (9.2-9.6) MPa to both tested filling materials was close to adhesions (7.3-8.8) MPa observed in previous 4th and 5th generations, respectively. On the hand the adhesion system Excite of the 5th generation displayed, in using the original conditioner, approximately two-fold higher MPa values (17.3-19.0). The conditioning of dentin by a no-name gel resulted in adhesions at the level of other types, though. A high level of adhesion of 15.4 MPa was found in a combination of Dyract AP - P&B. In view of lower number of samples the results should be verified in further investigation. As expected, the lowest values were reached with the Evicrol Dual Bond system, where the adhesion values (2.9-3.2) MPa do not warrant sufficient bond strength of the filling material and tooth tissues