Daily patterns of the multi-modal structure of the particle number size distribution in Milan, Italy

Aerosol number concentration and size distributions in the 10e20,000 nm size range were measured using a Differential Mobility Particle Sizer (DMPS) and an Optical Particle Counter (OPC) at an urban background site. Daily patterns of the total particle (TP), ultrafine (UFP, Dp < 100 nm) and submicron (SMP, 100 < Dp < 1000 nm) fine particle concentration are analysed both on seasonal (cold and warm season) and weekly (weekdays and weekends) basis. TP number concentrations are in the orders of 104 cm³, with UFPs and SMPs accounting for 80% and 20%, respectively; the contribution of supermicron particles to TP number is negligible. The multi-modal structure of particle number size distributions (NSD) is investigated by fitting a multi-lognormal model to the observed size distributions in the submicron size range, where almost 100% of the TPs fall. Three lognormal components (1 located in the Aitken mode size range and 2 in the accumulation mode range) are usually present in the fitted model and the corresponding modal parameters and their daily pattern have been estimated. The Aitken mode particles increase simultaneously with primary traffic emissions, peaking on the morning rush hour and dominating the NSD still during the afternoon and on the evening rush hour. The smaller accumulation mode particles are influenced by the condensation and coagulation processes induced by the daily patterns of the boundary layer and of ambient temperature, becoming more and more important from the evening rush hour throughout the night and providing the largest contribution to TP number at late night.JRC.H.2-Climate change and air qualit

Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on potato tuber quality in the European multiple-site experiment 'CHIP-project'

v2002okYhan kirjast

Promoting production and use of organic potatoes in Northern Ostrobothnia, the northernmost agricultural area in Europe

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Adoption of the MPEG-21 digital broadcast item model (DBIM) towards QoS metadata management

MPEG-21 is a multimedia framework well suited for asset management of broadcast content. Especially for television broadcasters, MPEG-21 has been applied as asset management standard within the Digital Broadcast Item Model (DBIM). Within the scope of this paper, the DBIM is adopted to the needs of the IST IP ENTHRONE 2. ENTHRONE 2 devotes to the Quality of Service (QoS) management from content creation to content consumption over heterogeneous networks. This paper integrates the QoS metadata management issues from ENTHRONE 2 into the DBIM. This paper describes an MPEG-21 based metadata management solution for maintaining service quality throughout a heterogeneous network environment. It provides a metadata model based on the DBIM especially focusing on the needs of ENTHRONE 2. ©2008 IEEE

CHIP Changing climate and potential impacts on potato yield and quality

vokYhan kirjast