1,152 research outputs found
Elastic theory of quantum Hall smectics: effects of disorder
We study the effect of disorder on quantum Hall smectics within the framework
of an elastic theory. Based on a renormalization group calculation, we derive
detailed results for the degrees of translational and orientational order of
the stripe pattern at zero temperature and carefully map out the disorder and
length-scale regimes in which the system effectively exhibits smectic, nematic,
or isotropic behavior. We show that disorder always leads to a finite density
of free dislocations and estimate the scale on which they begin to appear.Comment: 4 pages latex with 1 EPS figur
Supporting Agricultural Extension: Could Farmers Contribute?
Is extension an effective tool for increasing social welfare? The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of farmer financial participation in extension as an alternative to increase its efficiency. While extension costs have been high, the impact at farmers' welfare has not yielded the expected results. Rice production in Nigeria and Benin is used as a study case. Rice is an important food crop and cash crops and both countries have conditions to produce it locally. Two concepts are used to evaluate private participation: farmers' capability to pay (CTP) and requirement to pay (RTP) for extension. Farmers' capability to pay is evaluated from the expected increase benefit due to extension work. Requirement to pay is deducted from extension costs. Results show that rice farmers could initially contribute with 25% of the extension costs in Nigeria and 10% in Benin. While financial participation from farmers is a possibility, the role of the government is still needed to guarantee social welfare.Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession, Q16, O3,
Farmer willingness to pay for seed-related information: rice varieties in Nigeria and Benin
"A typical private good is defined by its excludability and rivalry characteristics. Information embodied in a technology might not generate rivalry among its users. By contrast, excludability is certainly a characteristic of this kind of information and its delivery can generate incentives for private participation. This study examines farmers' preferences for seed of new rice varieties and their willingness to pay for seed-related information in villages of Nigeria and Benin. Conjoint analysis is used to estimate the structure of farmers' preferences for rice seed given a set of alternatives. Farmers are considered to be consumers of seed as a production input, preferring one variety over another based on the utility they obtain from its attributes, which depends on their own social and economic characteristics, including whether or not they sell rice. Contingent methods are used to elicit preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for rice seed. The marginal values of attributes, with and without information about the seed, are estimated with an ordered probit regression. WTP for information is derived from the analysis of WTP for rice seed. The results have implications for the best way to finance research and extension services in the areas of intervention, particularly for new rice varieties. " Authors' AbstractWillingnes to pay (WTP), seed-related information, conjoint analysis, rice attributes, farmers' preferences, technology,
PRIVATE PARTICIPATION IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION IN NIGERIA AND BENIN: DETERMINING THE WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR INFORMATION
A typical private good is defined by its excludability and rivalry characteristics. Information might not generate rivalry among its users. By contrast, excludability is certainly a characteristic of information and its delivery can generate incentives for private participation. This study examines farmers' preferences for seed of new rice varieties and their willingness to pay for related information in villages of Nigeria and Benin. Conjoint analysis is used to estimate the structure of farmers' preferences for rice seed given a set of alternatives. Farmers are considered to be maximizers of utility rather than profit, preferring one variety over another based on the utility they obtain from its attributes, which depends on their own social and economic characteristics. Contingent methods are used to elicit preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for rice seed. The marginal values of attributes, with and without information about the seed, are estimated with an ordered probit regression. WTP for information is derived from the analysis of WTP for rice seed. The results have implications for the best way to finance research and extension services in the areas of intervention, particularly for new rice varieties.WTP for information, conjoint analysis, rice attributes, farmers' preferences, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession, O3, O33, C35,
Discrete charging of a quantum dot strongly coupled to external leads
We examine a quantum dot with levels which is strongly coupled
to leads for varying number of channels in the leads. It is shown both
analytically and numerically that for strong couplings between the dot and the
leads, at least bound states (akin to subradiant states in
optics) remain on the dot. These bound states exhibit discrete charging and,
for a significant range of charging energies, strong Coulomb blockade behavior
as function of the chemical potential. The physics changes for large charging
energy where the same (superradiant) state is repeatedly charged.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures (accepted for publication in EPL
Pair tunneling through single molecules
By a polaronic energy shift, the effective charging energy of molecules can
become negative, favoring ground states with even numbers of electrons. Here,
we show that charge transport through such molecules near ground-state
degeneracies is dominated by tunneling of electron pairs which coexists with
(featureless) single-electron cotunneling. Due to the restricted phase space
for pair tunneling, the current-voltage characteristics exhibits striking
differences from the conventional Coulomb blockade. In asymmetric junctions,
pair tunneling can be used for gate-controlled current rectification and
switching.Comment: 4+ pages, 4 figures; minor changes, version published in Phys. Rev.
Let
Inelastic electron backscattering in a generic helical edge channel
We evaluate the low-temperature conductance of a weakly interacting
one-dimensional helical liquid without axial spin symmetry. The lack of that
symmetry allows for inelastic backscattering of a single electron, accompanied
by forward-scattering of another. This joint effect of weak interactions and
potential scattering off impurities results in a temperature-dependent
deviation from the quantized conductance, . In addition,
is sensitive to the position of the Fermi level. We determine
numerically the parameters entering our generic model for the
Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang Hamiltonian of a HgTe/CdTe quantum well in the presence
of Rashba spin-orbit coupling.Comment: 4+ pages, 3 figures, published versio
End states and subgap structure in proximity-coupled chains of magnetic adatoms
A recent experiment [Nadj-Perge et al., Science 346, 602 (2014)] provides
evidence for Majorana zero modes in iron (Fe) chains on the superconducting
Pb(110) surface. Here, we study this system by scanning tunneling microscopy
using superconducting tips. This high-resolution technique resolves a rich
subgap structure, including zero-energy excitations in some chains. We compare
the symmetry properties of the data under voltage reversal against theoretical
expectations and provide evidence that the putative Majorana signature overlaps
with a previously unresolved low-energy resonance. Interpreting the data within
a Majorana framework suggests that the topological gap is significantly smaller
than previously believed. Aided by model calculations, we also analyze
higher-energy features of the subgap spectrum and their relation to high-bias
peaks which we associate with the Fe d-bands.Comment: 5+5 pages, 5+6 figure
Localization Properties of Two Interacting Electrons in a Disordered Quasi One-Dimensional Potential
We study the transport properties of two electrons in a quasi one-dimensional
disordered wire. The electrons are subject to both, a disorder potential and a
short range two-body interaction. Using the approach developed by Iida et al. [
Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 200 (1990) 219 ], the supersymmetry technique, and a suitable
truncation of Hilbert space, we work out the two-point correlation function in
the framework of a non-linear sigma model. We study the loop corrections to
arbitrary order. We obtain a remarkably simple and physically transparent
expression for the change of the localization length caused by the two-body
interaction.Comment: 10 page
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